On April 18, the Nikkei Asia Review announced that the United States would join hands with Japan to invest 4.5 billion dollars in the research and development of 6G technology. We have also seen many scenes of family harmony, but this time it is a little different.
Since 20 18, the United States has been using 6G technology to build the "first island chain" to blockade and isolate China. Japan's participation this time is the last link in the first island chain of this technology. Let's start from the beginning.
The development of world communication has a ten-year law. There will be revolutionary technological changes every ten years.
In the decade of 3G, mobile phone users have surpassed landline users.
In the decade of 4G, the Internet has become everyone's territory.
The 5G decade is to make the Internet of Everything possible.
Business generation, theory generation, this is the truth in the field of communication. When 5G landed, the theoretical expansion of 6G began.
But before we start talking about 6G knowledge, let's talk about the other side of the ocean.
In 2020, the United States launched an alliance called Next Alliance. You can also call it "6G Alliance".
The members of this 6G alliance include some of the strongest information companies in the world, AT & amp； T, Bell, Intel, Qualcomm, Microsoft, Cisco, Charter, Apple, Samsung, Nokia, Google and even Facebook are all members of this alliance.
Of course, as usual, Huawei and ZTE are excluded.
In mask aligner's fiasco, Joey mentioned that in order to solve the mask aligner problem, the United States formed the EUV LLC Alliance, in which experts gathered, with the blessing of three national laboratories in the United States. This alliance finally succeeded in putting the United States at the top of mask aligner, and this 6G alliance formed by the United States is a replica of the EUV LLC alliance.
Although ostensibly to promote the development of the world's 6G technology, we all know that this is just another political wrestling.
By the way, after the alliance was launched, South Korea's Samsung and LG both joined the alliance. After Samsung joined the alliance, it immediately released a white paper stating its contribution to 6G. LG is even more exaggerated. On April 5th, LG directly announced that it would abandon all mobile phone business, completely stop producing and selling mobile phones, and will focus on the research and development of 6G technology in the future.
Others either stand in the mountains to make money or kneel in the city to make money. This guy went out of the third road and knelt in the mountains to lose money.
Let's go back to 6G technology. Let's talk about the characteristics of 6G first. Although there are still more than ten years before landing, the communication circles all over the world have reached a * * * understanding of the technical characteristics of 6G, which has three points: ultra-high speed, low delay and ultra-large capacity.
Let's talk about the over-rate. The 5G technology uses the electromagnetic wave band of 10- 1mm, while the 6G will cross the electromagnetic wave and use the terahertz wave with the wavelength of 3000-30μ m. This terahertz wave is drawn first and then tested. The most obvious effect of its upgrade is that the transmission rate is greatly improved. Theoretically, the transmission rate of 6G will reach 1Tbps, which is 10,000 times that of 4G and 0,000 times that of 5G.
In addition to high capacity and zero delay, 5G technology represents the possibility of the Internet of Things. However, due to commercial difficulties and scene characteristics, our real life is far from the planning level of the Internet of Things. As we said before, with the help of terahertz waves, the transmission efficiency of 6G is greatly improved. This terahertz wave is more than that. It has stronger anti-interference ability and higher bandwidth than electromagnetic wave, just like the gap between four lanes and eight lanes of expressway.
According to Ren Zai2019, the capacity of 6G base station is 5G 1000 times.
Therefore, if 5G is the beginning of the dream of the Internet of Things, then 6G is the realization possibility of the Internet of Things.
We are ahead in 5G, so will we be surpassed in 6G? Of course it's possible! But this possibility is very small, and it is even more likely that we will continue to be the boss of 6G in the future, because the key technology of 6G is in the hands of a China company.
Who is this company? I don't think Joe needs to elaborate. If you don't know, you can ask me in the comments section.
In fact, there has always been a saying in the communication industry that "there is no G after 5G"
It means that 5G is the highest form, and there will be no 6G or 7G in the future. The mobile phone in our hands uploads and downloads every second, all of which are transmitted through the information channel, and this information channel can only reach 5 G.
Why?
It's simple, because Shannon limit.
Claude elwood shannon is an American mathematician, a distant relative of Edison, and the founder of modern information theory and modern digital communication. He changed a world with a theory, and he is the boss.
1948, Shannon put forward a formula to change the world at Princeton College:
C = blog 2( 1+ serial number)
C stands for channel capacity, that is, the amount of information in each information channel.
B is the bandwidth of the channel.
S is the average power of the transmitted signal.
N is the average power of noise.
This formula clearly expresses the relationship among electronic signal transmission rate, channel width, noise level and signal power. Before this formula, no one in the whole information field knew the relationship between them. The position of this formula in the field of information is equivalent to that of Newton's second law in the field of physics.
Inferred from this formula, we can find that there are only three ways to increase the channel capacity, namely, the value of c: increasing the bandwidth b; Increase signal power s; Reduce noise power.
From 1G to 4G, we keep circulating these three tactics, but by 5G, the channel capacity of this C has been pushed to the limit. If the channel capacity increases again, the radios in the space will interfere with each other, which is likely to happen. Did you send a message to your friend "Let's have dinner tonight?"
As a result, he received a "rice?" Eat midnight snack in the evening. "
Therefore, after the birth of 5G, the communication industry said that "there is no G after 5G" because the channel capacity has reached the limit. However, the communication industry at that time did not expect that there was actually a company that could solve the interference problem. The company that solves the interference problem is the company that Joe didn't say above sold a lock.
As we said before, the consequence of increasing the channel capacity is that the interference is getting stronger and stronger, the information is garbled, and communication is impossible. In order to solve this problem, scientists have tried many methods, such as multi-input technology and non-orthogonal multiplexing technology, and finally found a feasible method: send the information three times repeatedly, and then compare the most fluent two times to know what the original information is.
Yes, this method is so simple and rude.
But it is easier said than done, and there are still problems in implementation. Repeated transmission solves the accuracy, but it also brings the problem of communication delay. Multiple repetitions mean that the encoding and decoding process is prolonged. Can you accept listening to every sentence on the phone in two seconds? No one can accept it, so this channel capacity scheme has been stuck in the coding and decoding speed.
As a result, Huawei appeared.
In 2008, a professor named Eldar proposed a new encoding and decoding code Polar Code. This Eldar is a student of Gallagher, and Gallagher is a student of Shannon, so Eldar is considered a disciple of Shannon.
In 2008, Eldar proposed Polar code; In 2009, Huawei began to study 5G solutions.
At this time, Polar code is still an extremely young theory, and the whole communication industry is watching, but Huawei firmly believes that this coding and decoding is the future. Facts have proved that Huawei is right.
In the 20 18 5G patent disclosure family, Huawei alone monopolized 5 1 related patents, accounting for half of the entire Polar technology.
You may wonder, don't say 6G, why did you suddenly pull to 5G?
Because Polar technology is also one of the core technologies of 6G, Huawei entered the earliest, invested the most and had the strongest strength in Polar technology. As long as Huawei does not slow down, it will be difficult for the United States to overtake in corners.
In addition to the pole piece technology, 6G also has a very important technology, which is the terahertz wave we mentioned earlier. This is an electromagnetic wave between infrared and microwave, which is extremely special, especially it has crossed electronics and is between macro electronics and micro photonics.
In the 1990s, when terahertz wave was discovered, it was directly listed as one of the "Top Ten Technologies to Change the Future World" by the United States.
Nowadays, this terahertz wave has been applied to many fields such as physics, biology, chemistry, material science, electronic engineering, etc., and it is the most active frontier in the whole scientific and technological field. Terahertz wave technology is the most important in the prospect of 6G technology.
In 2005, China held the "Xiangshan Science and Technology Conference", at which the development plan of terahertz technology in China was formulated. Up to now, many research institutions in China have carried out research on terahertz technology, among which the leading figures are University of Electronic Science and Technology of China and Capital Normal University.
We often say that technology research and development takes ten years to sharpen a sword. Now, the decade of 6G Sword has begun. I hope that one day in the future, Huawei's Polar technology and the University of Electronic Science and Technology of China's terahertz technology can merge and meet.