How to apply for a patent for invention or utility model and a patent for design?

1. How to apply for a patent for invention or utility model 1, name of invention (or utility model, the same below): the name of an invention refers to the name of a product or method with additional structural or functional qualifiers, which should briefly and accurately indicate the technical theme of the invention (it cannot be written in the invention itself, that is, distinguish the technical features), and the name of an invention must not contain non-technical words such as name, company name, trademark, code and model. Nor should it contain ambiguous words, such as "and others". Generally do not exceed 25 words. 2. Technical field: refers to the specific field to which the invention directly belongs (direct application), not the previous level or adjacent field, nor the invention itself (that is, the obvious technical characteristics of the invention should be written). It is best to refer to the corresponding classification position in the international patent classification table. (For example, the present invention belongs to an automatic temperature control device; The invention relates to a heat treatment method of X-X materials and the like. 3. Background technology (existing technology): The background technology that is helpful for understanding, searching and examining the invention or utility model should be explained. If possible, documents reflecting these background technologies should be cited, especially the existing technical documents closest to the application; These documents can be patent documents or non-patent documents such as periodicals, magazines, manuals and books. The former should indicate the country, publication number and publication date, and the latter should indicate the detailed source of the document. If there is no specific comparison document to quote, the status quo of similar existing technologies can be explained in a targeted manner (with the help of attached drawings if necessary). The applicant shall also objectively point out the problems and defects in the background technology according to the existing technical data provided, which are limited to those solved by the technical scheme of this application, and explain the reasons for these problems and defects and the difficulties encountered in solving these problems if possible. 4. Summary of the Invention The purpose of the present invention is to objectively and reliably reflect the technical problems (what technical effects are achieved) to be solved by the present invention in a positive and as short as possible language; B technical scheme: the technical scheme is the technical means adopted by the applicant to solve technical problems artificially, which is a collection of technical characteristics by using the laws of nature. Its main forms are (except brand-new inventions and combined inventions): existing technical measures (features) and new measures (distinguishing features) in the prior art, which can summarize the contents of specific embodiments to some extent. There can be multiple technical schemes, and important additional invention information (unnecessary technical details to solve technical problems, but it can bring better technical effects) can be written as further technical schemes in this section. C Beneficial effects: Corresponding to the purpose and technical scheme of the invention, give a concrete and realistic description of the effects (including social, economic and technical effects) that the invention can achieve (preferably with specific data). The beneficial effects of the invention in the mechanical and electrical fields can be explained by combining the structural features and action modes of the invention. Inventions in the field of chemistry should be explained by experimental data in most cases, rather than just asserting that inventions exist. 5. Brief description of the drawings: Drawings are provided for inventions with drawings, and all drawings are uniformly drawn by AUTOCAD software. The parts in each drawing shall be numbered uniformly with Arabic numerals, and the names of the parts shall be listed. When there are multiple drawings, the same parts in each drawing shall use the same reference numerals. 6. Specific implementation: A. General requirements of specific implementation: The embodiment shall clearly, completely and accurately describe the overall technical scheme of this patent application in detail with the attached drawings (if any), including both the technical contents of the unimproved part (or reserved part) and the improved part in the prior art. It is not necessary to describe the known features in detail, but it is necessary to distinguish the technical features (i.e. the invention points and reserved parts). There can be one or more embodiments, and the number of embodiments should be determined according to the nature of the invention, the technical field it belongs to, the existing technical situation and the scope of protection. When the scope of protection covered by the claims (especially the independent claims) is wide, and the general features cannot be found from one embodiment, more than one different embodiment should be given. (For example: chemical products, the formula of components is given in the scheme, and the preparation should be explained in the example). For the invention of the product, the specific implementation method should describe the mechanical composition, circuit composition or chemical composition of the product, and explain the relationship between each part, such as the connection relationship between them, the position matching relationship, and the functions and functions of each part; The working principle, working process and operation steps are illustrated with the attached drawings. The ingredients, formulas, uses, effects, parameters, conditions and means of chemical products should be explained as clearly as possible; When it comes to method invention, in addition to the steps, we should also write down the process conditions. What is necessary to fully disclose the invention cannot be quoted, but it should be written in detail. B. If the technical scheme involves one or more of the following items, please submit corresponding materials according to the requirements of each type: (1). Mechanical structure, physical structure, circuit structure or layered structure and other products. These product patents should have attached drawings, describing the names and numbers of all components (such as bolts 1 and nuts 2), their mutual positions and connections, and the functions and functions of all components. How does the product work and use? The description of these contents mainly focuses on the innovation of the invention or the performance directly brought by the innovation of the invention, and the prior art part only needs to be mentioned briefly. Patents for mechanical structure and physical structure products: (a) necessary parts of products; (b) the mutual configuration relationship between parts; (c), the relationship between parts, position coordination, etc. ; (d) In some specific cases, the components that make up the product may also involve materials, geometries, dimensions and parameters; (e) If necessary, it shall also explain its action process or operation steps; (f) Different implementation methods should be several different concrete structures of the same idea, rather than the change or selection of structural parameters, unless the selection of parameters is of great significance to the technical scheme. Such as: film thickness of coated products; (g)。 For movable products, the action process should be explained when necessary to help understand the technical scheme. Circuit products: (1). Components and assemblies necessary to form circuit products; (b) The mutual configuration relationship between these components and parts; The relationship between components connected by wires, or the relationship between components formed by electric signal transmission, or the relationship between some components connected by wires, and the relationship between some components formed by electric signal transmission; These components and parts must form a circuit; (c) Functions of these components and parts in circuit products; (d) Material characteristics, parameters, models and performance of parts and components; (e) The circuit product shall also explain its working principle. Layered products: the name, material, thickness and function of each layer. Thickness should give its applicable upper and lower limits, and give representative data or specific examples of the intermediate value between the upper and lower limits respectively. (2) Compound product, the invented product is a brand-new substance, and its manufacturing method should be explained; Patents involving drugs should be based on animal experiments or clinical experiments; When one or more inventions in the field of chemistry involve a wide range of values, examples at both ends and at least one intermediate value should be given to illustrate. (1) If the structure of the compound is determined, the name (scientific name), structural formula or molecular formula of the compound shall be submitted. (b) If the structure of the compound is uncertain and the compound cannot be described by chemical name or structural formula, it is necessary to submit the physical and chemical parameters of the compound of the invention. Physical and chemical parameters include: molecular weight, elemental analysis, melting point, NMR data, specific rotation, UV data, etc. ), solubility in solvents, color reaction, difference between alkalinity, acidity and neutrality, color of substances, etc. These physical and chemical parameters must be sufficient to define the product. Note: The above physical and chemical parameters are commonly used. If new parameters are used, there must be a convincing explanation. (c) The structure of the compound is uncertain, which cannot be expressed by the above parameters. The preparation method needs to be submitted, and the physical and chemical parameters can be supplemented. (3) For the products of the composition, the composition and dosage should be submitted, and the dosage can be expressed in parts or percentages. Note: the percentage content must be met, and the upper limit of any component plus the lower limit of all other contents is less than100%; The lower limit of any content plus the upper limit of all other contents is greater than 100%. Medical products should provide animal experimental data; Chinese medicine products should give clinical data; The results of pot picking test should be given for pesticide products. (4). If the method (including computer program and software) or process involves method invention, the process conditions shall be written in addition to the steps; According to this method, different embodiments can be represented by different parameters or parameter ranges of process conditions. For example, in the process of making cakes, in addition to the sequence of ingredients configuration steps, factors such as temperature gradient, ambient air pressure conditions, duration and their relationships can directly affect the success or failure of this method; For the invention of methods, the methods or operation methods that must be implemented to achieve the purpose of the invention, as well as the necessary parameters of methods, devices and materials, such as control methods, test (detection, measurement) methods, treatment methods, production (preparation, manufacturing) processes, etc. , it should be pointed out. According to the time sequence of the process, each step is described in natural language, and the upper and lower limits of technical conditions and parameters of each step are provided. Any application for a patent for invention involving a computer program that can solve technical problems by technical means and obtain technical effects can be granted patent protection, including: computer programs used for industrial process control, measurement or test process control, external data processing, and improving the internal operation performance of computers. (5) Purpose Invention, what is the purpose of submitting this product? How to use it? (6) Biology: provide a computer-readable list of nucleotide or amino acid sequences. Second, how to apply for a design patent? For three-dimensional products, six-dimensional drawings, three-dimensional drawings and service state reference drawings shall be provided, and for flat products, views involving design points shall be provided. As long as the design provides pictures (or photos) and a brief description (design name, design points, omitted views and other matters).