(1) exclusivity. Patent right is an intangible property right, which is exclusive. Unless otherwise stipulated by law, anyone who wants to exploit a patent must obtain the permission of the patentee and pay the royalties according to the agreement between the two parties, otherwise it will constitute infringement. (2) timeliness. It means that the patent right is only valid within the term of authorization. After the expiration or termination of the term, the invention will become the common wealth of the whole society, and anyone can use it freely. The term of the patent right is stipulated by the Patent Law. (3) regionality. It means that the patent right granted by one country is only valid within the regional scope of the granting country or region, and it is not legally binding on other countries or regions. The patent rights granted by each country or region are independent of each other.