Japan developed "Jiuxin Pill" based on my country's classic "Liushen Pill", with annual sales reaching hundreds of millions of dollars and sold back to my country; South Korea's "Niuhuang Qingxin Liquid" is derived from my country's "Niuhuang Qingxin" Pills", with an annual output value of nearly 100 million U.S. dollars... In recent years, Japan and South Korea have developed traditional Chinese medicines in my country, which has made people in the Chinese medicine industry in my country realize the importance and urgency of intellectual property protection. In addition, many knowledgeable people have also raised such questions: Why do these traditional Chinese medicines, which originally had mediocre performance in China, produce such great power in two East Asian neighboring countries? In the international game of traditional Chinese medicine, what are my country's advantages? What should we learn from Japan and South Korea? (The Chinese medicines referred to in this article are the general name for Chinese medicines produced in my country, Kampo medicines in Japan, and Korean medicines in South Korea - Editor's note.)
▲Japanese and Korean Chinese medicines: "Small scale" produces "big energy"
According to information provided by the China Institute of Scientific and Technological Information, although traditional Chinese medicine in Japan and South Korea is a product of the combination of Chinese traditional medicine and local culture, the scale of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, traditional Chinese medicine production and research The depth and breadth of development is far less than that of my country. However, in recent decades, especially after the 1990s, the traditional Chinese medicine industry in South Korea and Japan has developed rapidly and is competing with my country in the international market.
At present, Japan is the largest producer and consumer of traditional Chinese medicine after China. Before 1976, the annual output value of Japanese Kampo medicine was less than 10 billion yen. In 1976, as Kampo medicine was included in the national medical insurance, the Kampo medicine industry and the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials have achieved rapid development. There are currently more than 200 Kampo pharmaceutical factories in Japan. Prescription Kampo medicines are growing at a rate of 15% every year, with annual sales reaching US$1.5 billion. There are approximately 148 types of traditional Chinese medicine approved by the Japanese government to apply for the National Health Insurance System. At present, the annual gross production value of Japanese Kampo medicines has exceeded 100 billion yen. In the trade of Chinese patent medicines and traditional Chinese medicine health products in the international market, those produced in Japan account for a large share.
Since the 1990s, South Korea’s traditional Chinese medicine industry has developed strongly. Currently, traditional Chinese medicine accounts for 15% of South Korea’s national medical expenditures, a proportion second only to that of my country. South Korea’s Chinese herbal medicine raw material cultivation industry is relatively prominent. In 2004, Korean ginseng exports exceeded US$350 million. Compared with my country's traditional Chinese medicine, which focuses on the cultivation of raw materials, the processing and operation of raw materials are standardized, the standards are strict, and the packaging and publicity are in place. The unit price of ginseng products of the same grade is 25 times that of our country.
How can the traditional Chinese medicine industry in Japan and South Korea generate so much energy on a relatively small scale? In this regard, Professor Long Zhixian, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy secretary-general of the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, and former president of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, gave an example: "Niuhuang Qingxin Pills are a traditional Chinese patent medicine in my country, and South Korea developed another one on this basis. Export? Han hip ⒔ industry male record list stop? Jie humor ∩ first> ignorant Shun Sha Α thin A? twin oval Fu Zhi? return to the eyes Ping Ji? Jun ⒏ suburbs and dance overseas Chinese dip? Jie Lan reining luck ┟ Cheng character
Long Zhixian pointed out that the absolute quantity of my country's international trade of traditional Chinese medicine is not low, but the technological added value of the products is low. Most of them are raw materials, slices or plant extracts used in the production of Chinese patent medicines and health care products. Japan, South Korea and other countries import Chinese medicine raw materials from my country and process them into Chinese patent medicines or health care products that meet international quality standards, have advanced dosage forms, and are beautifully packaged. , you can earn high profits. In fact, my country is the main raw material production base for Japanese Kampo pharmaceutical manufacturers. According to data compiled by the Japan Kampo Crude Pharmaceutical Preparations Association, from 1998 to 2001, the number of domestically produced and produced crude drugs (150 types) in Japan was high. The total import volume is 44,000 tons to 61,000 tons, and the imported crude drugs account for 94.6% to 97.1% of the total, most of which come from China.
Secondly, South Korea and Japan have developed leading products of traditional Chinese medicine. Some powerful companies have emerged. Take Korean ginseng as an example. Due to resource problems, many Korean ginseng are imported from Northeast my country. However, in terms of ginseng industry development, South Korea’s approach is worth learning.
They divided the ginseng industry into two categories: raw ginseng and preparations. According to different processing methods and quality, ginseng was divided into natural ginseng, ground ginseng, good ginseng, cut ginseng, tail ginseng, etc., and they were developed separately; and ginseng resources were Make full use of it, eat it dry and squeeze it out, and develop dozens of preparations such as Korean ginseng essence, pills, powder, capsules, tea, tablets, and granules. The leftovers generated during the production process are also made into ginseng candy, drinks, cosmetics, etc. Concentrated development has resulted in dominant varieties.
The same is true for Japan. Currently, there are 147 Kampo preparations produced in Japan, with 903 product categories. Among them, the output value of ten kinds of Kampo preparations, including Xiaobuihu Decoction, Bupleurum Guizhi Decoction, Buzhong Yiqi Decoction, Modified Xiaoyao Powder, Xiaoqinglong Decoction, Liujunzi Decoction, and Danggui Shaoyao Powder, accounted for 51.05% of all Kampo preparations. At present, Japan has 42 Kampo pharmaceutical factories, including several larger Kampo pharmaceutical companies such as Tsumura, Zhongbo, Dasan, Teikoku, and Materia Medica, accounting for more than 97% of the total output value of Kampo medicines. The concentration of manufacturers ensures production scale, improves production quality, and also allows companies to have more resources for product research and development.
▲Chinese Traditional Chinese Medicine: A big business with great stamina
Long Zhixian believes that in the current international competition of traditional Chinese medicine, although Japan and South Korea have stolen some of the limelight, my country’s competitiveness in traditional Chinese medicine The obvious advantages in resources, Chinese medicine talent pool, depth and breadth of Chinese medicine scientific research, and scale of Chinese medicine industry have brought strong stamina to the development of my country's Chinese medicine industry.
From the perspective of industrial scale, according to statistics, in 2005, my country's total output value of the traditional Chinese medicine industry (current price) was 116.967 billion yuan, product sales revenue was 108.625 billion yuan, and total profit was 10.209 billion yuan, accounting for the largest share in the national pharmaceutical industry. Reached 26.4, 25.8 and 29.0 respectively. As of the end of 2005, there were 1,636 traditional Chinese medicine companies in my country, accounting for 32% of the 5,053 companies in the national pharmaceutical industry. Among them, there are 1,283 traditional Chinese medicine companies, 353 traditional Chinese medicine preparation companies, and thousands of health care product factories.
At present, there are more than 40 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine dosage forms produced in our country, especially the application of advanced dosage forms such as traditional Chinese medicine injections, powders, soft capsules, sustained-release agents, aerosols, etc., which has promoted the adjustment of product structure and improved product quality. The product structure of Chinese patent medicines has been adjusted, production conditions have been improved, process technology, equipment level and product quality have been greatly improved. A number of famous and high-quality products, famous trademarks and a number of enterprises with an output value of over 100 million yuan and profits and taxes of 10 million yuan have emerged. .
From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine research and development, since the founding of the People's Republic of China, we have trained a large number of traditional Chinese medicine researchers and formed a high-level scientific and technological team. There are currently 94 traditional Chinese medicine research institutions in our country. In recent years, experts and scholars from a number of comprehensive universities and research institutes, including Peking University, Tsinghua University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences, have become more involved in the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine, strengthening the scientific research team of traditional Chinese medicine. A situation has been formed in which multiple disciplines participate in the scientific research of traditional Chinese medicine.
Moreover, our country has initially established a prototype drug innovation system that is technologically advanced and is in line with internationally accepted standards. The state has given strong support to new drug screening centers, new drug safety evaluation research centers, national key laboratories, pharmacokinetic research technology platforms, new preparations and new dosage form research technology platforms, etc., gradually forming a national traditional Chinese medicine innovation system.
Long Zhixian pointed out that if my country’s proprietary Chinese medicine industry currently wants to gain an advantage in international competition, it must be guided by traditional Chinese medicine theory and combined with modern science and technology and techniques to strengthen the research and development of traditional Chinese medicine.
One is to strengthen the intellectual property protection of traditional Chinese medicine and effectively protect the valuable wealth of traditional Chinese medicine in our country. He pointed out that the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine, especially compound traditional Chinese medicine, determine the uniqueness of its use of existing intellectual property protection methods. There are no clear regulations on how to deal with intellectual property infringement incidents, etc., which to a certain extent affects the ability of companies to apply for patents. Enthusiasm restricts enterprises’ investment in scientific research.
The second is to continuously carry out scientific and technological research, conduct in-depth research on the effective parts and active ingredients, and be able to explain their mechanism of action, especially the mechanism of toxic and side effects of traditional Chinese medicine.
At present, my country has conducted in-depth modern research on more than 190 kinds of commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. Many of the toxic components have been proven to be able to "turn poisons into treasures" and become good medicines under certain circumstances. However, compared with the four commonly used clinical medicines, Five hundred kinds of traditional Chinese medicine are not enough.
The third is to further improve product quality standards. He emphasized that there are GAP and GMP standards for traditional Chinese medicine, but they still cannot fully reflect the quality of traditional Chinese medicine products and cannot meet market demand.
The fourth is to concentrate limited scientific research personnel and funds to systematically develop leading products under the unified management of relevant national departments.
The fifth is to strengthen clinical research, improve the efficacy, reduce toxic and side effects, and ensure the effective, safe and convenient application of traditional Chinese medicine.
Long Zhixian pointed out that my country is the hometown of traditional Chinese medicine and has the richest traditional Chinese medicine resource bank and the largest traditional Chinese medicine consumer group in the world. Therefore, as long as we devote ourselves to scientific and technological research, we will inevitably become the center of the world's traditional Chinese medicine industry.