We divide in vivo immunity into TH 1 cellular immunity against intracellular viruses and bacteria and Th2 humoral immunity against extracellular foreign bodies (such as pollen).
Allergy is equivalent to Th2' s aggressive struggle against allergens. When healthy, Th 1/Th2 is in equilibrium. Once TH 1/TH2 is out of balance, TH2 is too heavy and TH 1 is relatively too light. Once this pattern becomes a fixed pattern, the child is called an allergic child.
Why is the baby allergic?
It is worth noting that the development of embryos in utero and the immune response of newborns are mainly Th2 humoral immune response. Therefore, the characteristics of the newborn group itself are doomed to allergies!
The best time to stop allergies
It is worth noting that infancy is a process in which Th 1/Th2 is gradually balanced. In this process, if the secretion of Th2 cytokines increases due to improper nursing or long-term allergic reaction, the immune regulation of the body will be disordered, which will eventually lead to the occurrence of allergic diseases, forming a lifelong Th2 hyperactivity model and becoming allergic children. Therefore, to prevent and treat allergies, we should seize this important body form period of infants and give correct intervention, the sooner the better!
Five common symptoms of infant allergy
The skin is itchy and has a rash.
Some babies are eating certain foods, such as drinking milk, eating eggs, peanuts, or seafood (such as shrimp,
After children eat crabs and other foods, the body will have symptoms such as itchy skin and rash, and even some children will have symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. Parents must consider the possibility of food allergy, especially when symptoms recur after eating certain foods.
The same thing may happen after taking some drugs.
Ectopic dermatitis (or ringworm of milk)
Ectopic dermatitis is closely related to congenital allergic constitution. It is a chronic itching disease that occurs on the skin, mostly in families with allergic history, and these babies often carry other allergic diseases.
Whistle cough
After childhood respiratory tract infection, asthmatic babies often have symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath and wheezing. Because the diameter of the baby's trachea is narrow, when the virus invades the bronchioles of children, it will cause inflammation, edema and increased sputum secretion of the tracheal mucosa, block the unobstructed respiratory tract, cause shortness of breath, dyspnea, asthma and cough, depress the chest muscles when inhaling, and gasp when exhaling.
Frequent runny nose, stuffy nose, rubbing your nose and rubbing your eyes.
In the season when the weather changes greatly, especially in spring and autumn, allergic babies often have symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, itchy nose and rubbing nose, and they are often prone to relapse. Many parents mistakenly think that it is a "cold" that is not easy to cure. In fact, this is also the culprit of allergies.
If the baby's "cold" does not improve or recur for a long time, parents should consider the possibility of allergies.
Diseases related to respiratory allergy
Although some diseases are not closely related to allergies, they are related to allergies, such as otitis media, sinusitis (yellow runny nose, chronic cough), wheezing (hoarseness, dyspnea, cough like a dog barking), pneumonia and so on. This is because the structure of the respiratory tract communicates with each other, so people with allergies (such as asthma and allergic rhinitis) often have other organs around the main allergic organs affected.
Expert interview
Qin Yan
Deputy Chief Physician, Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternal and Infant Health Hospital, specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal diseases and pediatric internal diseases (immunity, such as allergies, etc.). ).
Expert interview record: What should I do if my baby is allergic? & gt
Question 2: What about an allergic baby? How should children's allergies be improved? The baby can't tell whether he is allergic or not. Early digestive tract problems or eczema on the skin are not equal to real allergies. The so-called allergic constitution generally refers to the frequent occurrence of asthma, airway allergy and persistent rhinitis after growing up, and then the diagnosis can be made. Generally speaking, babies are not all really allergic six months ago, but they may just be intolerant of something. Lactase deficiency can cause secondary symptoms of lactase deficiency, not allergic problems. Timely supplementation of lactase drops can alleviate it. To prevent allergic constitution, it is mainly to ensure nutrient intake. When the baby grows up, other allergies may occur with the increase of age, such as asthmatic pneumonia, asthmatic bronchitis, and allergies may also occur. We need to ensure the intake of nutrition, take proper and timely care of patients, wash our hands more for adults, and don't bring pathogenic bacteria home. For the baby, it is necessary to strengthen physical fitness, increase exercise and don't wear too many clothes. Once you are well, there will be fewer problems.
Question 3: What should children with allergies do? According to the epidemiological survey published by the World Health Organization, the incidence of allergic diseases has tripled in the past 30 years, involving 22% of the global population. In China, infants are most threatened by allergies. At present,15 babies suffer from allergies. Recently, Life Times reporter interviewed Professor Chen Tongxin, director of immunology department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, and Professor Shanmi Wang, deputy director of obstetrics and gynecology department of Peking University People's Hospital. Experts pointed out that correct prevention and care is the key to anti-allergy. With the growth of age, baby allergies will present different symptoms at different stages, and the nursing methods are also different.
0~6 months: for newborns, due to less contact with the outside world, simple diet, imperfect gastrointestinal and immune development, milk protein allergy is most likely to occur. Studies show that about 5%~ 15% of newborns have symptoms of suspected milk protein allergy, which are usually manifested as indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea and eczema after drinking milk.
Preventive nursing: First of all, try to choose natural delivery mode. Studies have shown that cesarean section will increase the risk of infants' allergies by three times, and natural delivery is conducive to the establishment and maturity of infants' intestinal and systemic immune systems. Secondly, exclusive breastfeeding for 4~6 months can effectively reduce the baby's allergies, and adding Kangminyuan antiallergic lactic acid bacteria to lactating mothers or babies can also prevent allergies. Finally, if breast milk is insufficient, it is best for high-risk allergic newborns (parents with allergic diseases, cesarean section babies, etc.) to choose moderately hydrolyzed formula milk powder. ) to reduce the risk of milk protein allergy.
6 months to 2 years old: after the baby adds complementary food, it is easy to have food allergies. The main manifestations are severe eczema, urticaria, asthma, nausea, vomiting and weight loss. Common foods that easily cause baby allergies are soybeans, wheat, peanuts, eggs, fish and shrimp.
Prevention and care: It is best to add complementary food after 6 months and follow the principle of "adding a small amount, adding one at a time". If allergic symptoms appear, stop eating in time. Give children more fresh vegetables, fruits and green food. Infants with eczema should wear loose cotton clothes at ordinary times, new clothes should be washed before wearing, and skin cream without * * * should be applied immediately after bathing. If necessary, you can go to the hospital for allergen testing and symptomatic treatment.
The intestinal morphology of children with food allergy may not change, but the intestinal permeability is enhanced. Supplementing baby with anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria (Chinese name: Kangminyuan Probiotics) is the use of probiotics harmless to human body, including patented anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria strains: Lactobacillus salivarius PM-A0006, Lactobacillus Grignard PM-A0005, Lactobacillus yoelii PM-A0009 and lactobacillus paracasei LP, which can effectively * * immune cells. As a kind of intestinal bacteria, antiallergic probiotics can prevent and treat food allergies by adjusting the proportion of flora, enhancing the intestinal barrier function, reducing the release of inflammatory mediators, inhibiting the rise of TH2 cells in peripheral blood, and inducing oral tolerance. At present, research shows that there are differences in intestinal microecological environment between allergic children and healthy children, and this difference can last for more than 2 years.
3-7 years old: Clinical statistics show that more than 80% of children's asthma is caused by allergies, and nearly 1/2 children with asthma have symptoms such as cough, asthma and dyspnea before the age of 3. Allergic cough, a variant of asthma, is characterized by chronic cough, which is often considered by parents as respiratory infection.
Prevention and care: Parents should not overuse disinfectants and disinfectants. Too "clean" may make the baby lack contact with microorganisms, inhibit the development of its immune system and cause allergies. Reduce contact with pollen, plush toys, animal fur and other substances that can easily cause allergies. For babies who need to inhale hormones or long-acting adrenergic agonists for a long time, they should be equipped with a peak ammeter at home to measure lung function in the morning and evening, keep an asthma diary and adjust the drug dosage in time. In the case of allergic asthma in allergic cough and children, it is necessary to insist on supplementing anti-allergic lactic acid bacteria kangmin source, help to adjust allergic constitution, balance TH 1/TH2 immune function, and control the onset.
After 7 years old: allergic symptoms after 7 years old are mainly allergic rhinitis, which may last until adulthood. Allergic rhinitis can be divided into seasonal and perennial. The most common rhinitis in spring is seasonal rhinitis, which is mostly related to inhaled allergens such as pollen. Sick babies often rub their noses, shed tears and sneeze ... >>