Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, my country has made great achievements in grain production. However, due to its large population and rapid population growth, grain supply can only be maintained at a low level so far, and the contradiction between supply and demand of commercial grain has not been completely resolved. In order to give full play to regional advantages, focus on using national investment, vigorously improve the production conditions of food crops, increase food production as soon as possible, meet the needs of people's lives and various economic constructions for food, and ensure the comprehensive development of cash crop production and forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fishery industries, We must strengthen the construction of commercial grain bases, which is also an important way to socialize, specialize and commercialize agricultural production.
According to the requirements of objective laws for the formation and development of commercial grain bases, and based on my country’s national conditions, the following criteria should generally be considered when building a commercial grain base: ① It should be established in a province (region) that has historically been able to stably have more surplus grain. , this is the most basic one; ② You should choose areas with a larger amount of grain per capita, higher grain commodity rate, greater potential to increase grain production, less investment, and quick results; ③ Regionally, counties are generally used as units, and concentrated connections are made. In one area, the natural conditions and socio-economic conditions are generally similar within the same area, so as to facilitate unified planning and deployment of the construction of commercial grain bases; ④ Commercial grain bases should take grain production as their central task and should not be built in cash crop production areas or forest areas. , pastoral areas, so as not to exclude each other and hinder the development of the advantages of grain production.
Based on the above criteria, starting from the needs of national economic development, the production conditions and current characteristics of grain crops in various regions, and the country’s existing economic strength, 13 large-area commercial grain bases are planned and selected across the country. These 13 commercial grain bases cover 247 counties and cities, with 16.44 million hectares of arable land, accounting for 16.5% of the country's arable land, an agricultural population of 113 million, and an annual grain output of about 60 billion kilograms, accounting for 16.5% of the country's total grain area. The output is 18%, and the grain commodity rate is 27.6%, which is higher than the national average.
These 13 commercial grain bases can be roughly divided into the following categories according to their conditions, characteristics, development potential and directions:
The first category is the original high-yield commercial grain base in the south. The base includes 5 areas including the Yangtze River Delta, Jianghan Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, and Pearl River Delta. This type of base has many people but few fields. It is located in the subtropical zone and has superior natural conditions. The crops have a long growing season and can be matured more than a year. They also have a long history of farming, abundant labor, a tradition of intensive farming, and a certain foundation for farmland infrastructure, including water conservancy, fertilizers, etc. The production conditions are good, and the grain yield per hectare can generally reach 6,000 to 8,250 kilograms, which is about twice the national average grain yield. The grain commodity rate is 29%, and the commercial grain provided every year accounts for more than 60% of the commercial grain in the 13 bases nationwide. Therefore, it is the most important commercial grain base in my country and is known as China’s “rice warehouse”. In the future, we must further strengthen construction and gradually improve the level of agricultural modernization, so that we can focus on grain, diversify operations, and promote each other. There is still great potential to increase the production of commercial grain.
The second category, the newly developed Huaihe Plain commercial grain base, includes northern Jiangsu and northern Anhui. They are located in the southern part of the Huanghuaihai Plain, with flat terrain, deep soil, good groundwater conditions, and are located in In the transition area from the warm temperate zone to the northern subtropical zone, the precipitation, heat and frost-free period are lower than those south of the Yangtze River and higher than those north of the Yellow River. It is an important grain-producing area for paddy and dry crops in my country. Since the founding of New China, due to the improvement of water and soil conditions and the expansion of basic farmland, the grain yield per hectare has reached 4,065 kilograms, and the grain commodity rate has reached 19.6%. In the future, we should further strengthen farmland infrastructure centered on water control, continue to improve soil and fertilizer conditions, and improve the level of intensive farming. There will still be considerable potential to increase grain production.
The third category is the Northeast commercial grain base with low level and the greatest development potential, including the Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, the central Jilin Plain and the central Liaoning Plain. The Northeast has fewer people and more land, higher latitudes, and thermal conditions than those in the South. It can only be harvested once a year, and its production conditions and original foundation are not as good as those in the first two categories. Agricultural management is extensive, and the grain yield per hectare is still low. Generally, only one crop per hectare is available. It is 1875 kg to 1950 kg, but there are many state-owned farms, the total grain output is high, and the grain commodity rate is 35.2%, of which the commodity rate of state-owned farms is as high as 40% to 60%. The amount of commercial grain provided to the country every year accounts for more than 1/5 of the 13 commercial grain bases. There is also a large amount of wasteland suitable for agriculture, and there is plenty of room for reclamation and expansion.
In the future, we should vigorously strengthen farmland infrastructure, improve water conservancy, fertilizer and other conditions, increase the level of agricultural mechanization, improve farming techniques, and combine increasing grain yields with land reclamation and expansion of farming to gradually achieve stable and high grain yields. The potential to increase the production of commercial grain here will be second to none among all types of commercial grain bases.
The fourth category is the commercial grain base in the northwest arid area, including the Hexi Corridor, Inner Mongolia and the Ningxia Hetao area. It is deep inland, with annual precipitation of less than 250 mm. The climate is arid and the growing season of crops is short, with only one crop a year. At present, the grain yield per unit area in the Hexi Corridor is medium, and the grain commodity rate is 27%; the grain yield in the Ningxia Hetao region is relatively high, with about 3,750 kilograms of grain per hectare, and the grain commodity rate is 20%; although the Hetao region in Inner Mongolia has more land, but labor Insufficient, extensive farming, serious damage from soil salinization and sandstorms, low grain production level, and commodity rate of about 22%. In the future, these areas should build water conservancy projects, transform saline-alkali lands, and expand irrigation areas. There is great potential to increase grain production.
After reading this report, you will understand.
The Northeast region, one of the largest commercial grain bases in my country, will receive greater comprehensive technical support. The major project of the Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, "Agricultural Technology Integration and High-Tech Research to Build a Stable Commercial Grain Base in Northeast China," passed expert acceptance in Changchun on July 18.
After 3 years of research, the scientific and technical personnel responsible for this project have achieved 24 technical achievements, published 82 papers, including 75 in domestic core journals, one SCI paper, published 3 monographs, and applied for patents 12 items, 1 authorized patent, and 4 technology transfer items.
Based on the actual construction of commercial grain bases in Northeast China and the national agricultural development strategy, in 1999, under the unified arrangement of major projects of knowledge innovation projects, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, with the former Changchun Institute of Geography as the responsible unit, and the former Heilongjiang Institute of Agricultural Chemistry , Shenyang Institute of Applied Ecology, Shijiazhuang Institute of Agricultural Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, etc. jointly undertook this research.
The research has successively solved "new technology research and advanced technology integration to improve comprehensive grain production capacity, information agricultural technology application research targeting precision agriculture, new technologies and new products related to industrial development Research and "Research on Agricultural Structural Advantages and Sustainable Development Strategies of Northeastern Region" and other key technical problems urgently needed for regional agricultural development, and have achieved significant results in actual promotion and application. Among them, the transformation of the results of CIS seedling nutrient base has an annual production of 100 million pieces, with an average annual profit and tax of 7.301 million yuan; the rapid propagation technology of virus-free potato tissue culture seedlings has produced 1.3 million mini potatoes, with an economic benefit of 390,000 yuan; the improvement of soda saline-alkali soil in Northeast China Research on technology and optimal utilization of water resources, the promotion of high-quality saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties covering 145,000 acres, increasing rice production by 8.09 million kilograms, and improving economic benefits by 8.495 million yuan; the brackish water leaching improvement technology for saline-alkali dry fields was demonstrated and promoted for 28,000 acres , increased grain production by 2.26 million kilograms, and increased economic benefits by 1.356 million yuan; the fertile soil return of straw and special corn high-yield cultivation technology were promoted to 45,000 acres, increasing corn production by 1 million kilograms, and increasing economic benefits by 800,000 yuan; high-efficiency planting methods for crops in black soil areas , soybean seed control coating agent, wood acid liquid and organic material fermentation liquid in soybean application technology, wood acid liquid, fentanyl control technology for soybean cyst nematode disease, narrow row flat sowing and dense planting soybean herbicide application technology, high yield and high quality soybean The comprehensive management technology of varieties (lines) and degraded black soil has been promoted to 1.15 million acres, increasing grain production by 18.75 million kilograms, and increasing economic benefits by 40.25 million yuan; etc.
This research has also cultivated a research team composed of young and middle-aged people whose average age is under 40 years old, and has reserved abundant human resources for further building a stable commercial grain base in Northeast China in the future.