Universal coverage principle: Universal coverage principle is one of the most basic principles for judging patent infringement. The so-called universal application principle means that if the accused object or method is infringed, then the product or method should have every feature described in the patent claim and be indispensable. When judging patent infringement, the principle of universal coverage should be applied first. In the following cases, it is considered that the defendant has completely covered the claim.
Principle of Equivalence: The principle of Equivalence holds that if the technical composition of the alleged infringement is compared with the corresponding technical features recorded in the patent claim, ordinary technicians in this technical field can associate it without creative intellectual labor, such as adopting alternative means such as equivalent replacement, component replacement, decomposition or merger, and compared with the patented technology, the purpose, function and effect are the same or basically the same.
Legal basis: Intellectual Property Law of the People's Republic of China
Article 45 Anyone who commits one of the following acts of infringement shall bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, eliminating the influence, publicly apologizing and compensating for the losses according to the circumstances:
(1) publishing his work without the permission of the copyright owner;
(2) publishing a work created in cooperation with others as a work created by oneself without the permission of a co-author;
(three) did not participate in the creation, in order to seek personal fame and fortune, signed other people's works;
(4) distorting or tampering with other people's works;
(5) Using a work by means of performance, broadcasting, exhibition, distribution, shooting, video recording, adaptation, translation, annotation or editing without the permission of the copyright owner, except as otherwise provided by this Law;
(six) the use of other people's works, not in accordance with the provisions of the payment;
(seven) live broadcast of their performances without the permission of the performers;
(eight) other acts of infringement of copyright and copyright-related rights and interests.
Article 46 Anyone who commits one of the following acts of infringement shall, according to the circumstances, bear civil liabilities such as stopping the infringement, eliminating the influence, publicly apologizing, and compensating for losses, and may be given administrative penalties such as confiscation of illegal income and fines by the copyright administrative department:
(1) Plagiarism and plagiarism;
(2) reproducing and distributing his works for profit without the permission of the copyright owner;
(3) publishing books with exclusive publishing rights enjoyed by others;
(four) without the permission of the performer, recording and publishing his performance;
(five) without the permission of the producer of audio and video recordings, reproducing and distributing the audio and video recordings made by him;
(six) unauthorized reproduction and distribution of radio and television programs produced by radio stations and television stations;
(seven) the production and sale of counterfeit works of art..