The world agricultural information technology has roughly gone through three stages: the first stage was in the 1950s and 1960s, the stage of radio, telephone communication and scientific and computer information; The second stage is the stage of computer data processing and knowledge processing during the 1970s and 1980s. The third stage is a new stage of agricultural database development, network and multimedia technology and automatic control of agricultural production since the 1990s. At present, the leading countries in the field of agricultural informatization in the world are the United States, Germany and Japan. The United States is the leader in information technology and agriculture, followed by Japan and Germany, followed by developed countries such as France. Although developing countries such as India started late, they developed rapidly; Vietnam also recognizes the importance of agriculture and information technology and is stepping up its efforts to catch up.
United States of America
Since 1844, SFBMorse invented the first telegraph, and then with the invention of image transmission technology, the radio broadcasting of audio and video broadcasting in the United States has developed rapidly, and it has been popularized in rural areas, greatly promoting the process of agricultural informatization in the United States; AppleMacintosh series 1984 started the commercialization and practical use of computer operation, and stimulated the construction of agricultural databases and computer networks in the United States. 1985, the United States published 428 agricultural computer cataloging databases in the world. These databases are one of the most important agricultural information resources. Among them, the most famous and widely used one is A-GRICOLA, which is jointly developed by the National Agricultural Library of the United States and the United States Department of Agriculture, and stores magazine articles, government publications and technical reports. The United States also has a national agricultural germplasm resources information management system, which provides services for breeding farms nationwide; Since the 1970s, the application of computers in the United States has gradually expanded to farms. By 1985, 8% farmers in the United States have used computers to process agricultural production, including some large farms that have been computerized. Today, the application of computers has brought high quality, high efficiency and high benefit to the management and production control, scientific research and production of American farms.
Japan
MAFF information construction in rural areas began with the farm broadcasting (cable operation) infrastructure in the mid-1950s. By the end of 1960s, Japan's "Green Utopia Concept" responded to the information trend of news media at that time, and played a great role in promoting rural development. In the late 1980s, due to the rapid popularization of various information technologies, the development of networks and the continuous expansion of rural informatization policies, the degree of rural informatization entered a stage of rapid development. At the end of 1998, 67 institutions related to agricultural information, such as network centers, were established in various prefectures in Japan, with an average of 1.5 agricultural information centers in each prefecture. In the early 1990s, Japan established the national online network of agricultural technology information service, namely the real-time management system (DRESS) of telegraph and telephone company. Its large computer can collect, process, store and transmit agricultural technology information from all over the country. Clothing county in each sub-center, you can quickly obtain information and exchange information at any time.
Germany
In the 1950s to the mid-1970s, communication technologies such as agricultural broadcasting, telephone and television in Germany were popularized in rural areas. From the mid-1970s to the mid-1980s, Germany established agricultural information technologies such as computer data processing and data storage, which moved from the initial stage to the mature stage. In the mid-1980s, the research commissioned by the German government has established a complete agricultural economic model in Germany, which has been continuously supplemented and revised, becoming a very mature system for processing agricultural information and providing services for decision-making. From the mid-1980s to the early 1990s, Germany did a lot of work in the research and development of agricultural database technology. Since the mid-1990s, the emergence of the Internet has brought about fundamental changes in the dissemination of agricultural information. In the past, the huge and inefficient data storage facilities were replaced by high-performance computer systems. At present, Germany can find various professional research information, scientific and technological information, management information and economic information through various network connections.
France
Before 1997, information technology in France was still very backward. Since 1997, the French government has made the development of the information society a priority, and former Prime Minister lionel jospin launched the "Information Society Action Plan (PAGSI)". Through unremitting efforts, France has made gratifying achievements in information technology. The number of home computers in France almost doubled in 1997 and 2000. At the end of 2000, the rate of home personal computers was between 26% and 33%, and the growth rate achieved during this period was basically the average level in Europe, which also promoted the development of agricultural informatization in France.
India
India began to use computers for agricultural research in the 1960s. Since 1990s, the Indian government has decided to implement the agricultural research information system (ARIS) project, which uses information technology to support the national agricultural research system, and the funds come from the National Agricultural Research Project Fund. The main purposes of establishing agricultural scientific research information system are: agricultural culture and agricultural scientific research managers can obtain information quickly and conveniently; Collect infrastructure, process, store, retrieve and use information by using the national agricultural research system; Fully share information resources in the national agricultural scientific research system; Improve the planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation capabilities of research projects.
South Korea
In 1980s, South Korea accelerated the process of economic globalization. With the improvement of agricultural modernization and intensification, the crop yield also increased significantly, which alleviated the negative impact of the reduction of cultivated land to some extent.
In the process of agricultural modernization in South Korea, agricultural informatization has been put on the agenda. At present, the characteristics of agricultural informatization are mainly infrastructure construction. On 1994, South Korea launched the "Agriculture and Fisheries Revitalization Plan and Agricultural Policy Reform Plan" to strengthen the investment of science and technology including information technology in agriculture. In the process of revitalizing agriculture, agricultural information technology has played a role. The characteristic of agricultural informatization at this stage is to strengthen the role of the government in the process of informatization.
As a country with a late start in agricultural informatization, South Korea has adopted a "catch-up" model for agricultural informatization. "Catch-up" countries can use the successful experience of developed countries to enter the information age ahead of the industrialization process, and in turn use information technology to promote and transform traditional agriculture, and even form a new model combining "industrialization" and "informatization". The main feature of information technology at this stage is to pay more attention to the effectiveness of information technology application.
Viet Nam
Vietnam's agricultural informatization started late. Driven by the wave of world informatization, the Internet was established in the late 1990s, and in 2000, it formally joined the e-ASEAN agreement.
At present, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam draws lessons from the government experience of many countries in the process of realizing electronic management, and plans to proceed in four steps: the first step is to establish a website to provide basic information for farmers; The second step is to establish and expand the development of agricultural and rural trade information systems; The third step is to establish a software industry oriented to agricultural and rural development, replace imported software and gradually realize the export of independent software; The fourth step is to meet the needs of scientific and technological development and strengthen the training of agricultural information technology experts.