At the salvage site, "Changjiang Estuary No.2" is being lifted out of the river
And "Changjiang Estuary No.2" is being lifted out of the river
Great discovery of cultural relics and archaeology: filling the gap of ancient ships in the late Qing Dynasty
In p>215, under the guidance of National Cultural Heritage Administration, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau organized National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center and Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center to carry out key underwater archaeological investigations in Hengsha waters of Chongming, the Yangtze Estuary. In order to further understand the nature and age of the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary, since 216, domestic professional institutions such as National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center and Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center have conducted underwater archaeological investigation and multidisciplinary research on the ancient ship every year.
Multi-beam sonar map of the ancient ship No.2 in the Yangtze River estuary
After seven years of underwater archaeological investigation and exploration, the basic situation of the ancient ship No.2 in the Yangtze River estuary has been proved. The Yangtze River Estuary No.2 ancient ship is a wooden sailboat, dating back to Tongzhi period in Qing Dynasty. The water depth is 8-1 meters, and the hull is buried in 5.5 meters deep silt, with a residual length of about 38.1 meters and a width of about 9.9 meters. It has been proved that there are 31 cabins. The bow, bollards, main mast, port and starboard of the upper part of the ancient ship are structurally complete. Judging from the current survey, it is most likely to be a sand boat widely used in Shanghai in the Qing Dynasty. Through the small-scale cleaning of four cabins, exquisite cultural relics such as Jingdezhen kiln porcelain were found in the cabins, and there were many kinds of cultural relics that had been completely discharged or repaired. In addition, a large number of cultural relics, such as purple sand ware, Vietnamese hookah cans, wooden bucket remnants, masts, large ship materials, iron anchors, brown cables, pulleys and building materials, have also emerged in and around the hull. In particular, there is a "tongzhi year system" on the bottom book of the green glazed cup, which provides an important basis for the dating of ancient ships. In 221 and 222, the Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Cultural Heritage organized two underwater archaeological institutions to conduct underwater surveys on the No.2 ancient ship at the Yangtze River estuary and its surroundings, and cleared up the Yuan Dynasty porcelain, the 6-cm-high complete bean-green glazed blue-and-white vase and other large-scale utensils that were not found in previous surveys, as well as a batch of ceramics produced in Yixing kiln, Jiangsu Province.
simulation diagram of ancient ship
white blue-and-white Panasonic Costus Ear Bottle of Jingdezhen Kiln Bean Green Glazed Bowl of Jingdezhen Kiln
Jingdezhen Kiln Pastel Jade Bamboo Ink Poetry Cup of Jingdezhen Kiln
Jingdezhen Kiln Pastel Dimethyl Chuantu Cup of Jingdezhen Kiln
Jingdezhen Kiln Green Glazed Cup of Tongzhi
Qing Tongzhi. In other words, the Changjiang Estuary No.2 ancient ship is another milestone in underwater archaeology in China, and it is one of the largest, most intact and rich in cultural relics found in China and even in the world. It fills the gap in the study of large wooden sailboats in the late Qing Dynasty in China and is a precious cultural heritage. At the same time, the Changjiang Estuary No.2 is also the first ancient ship discovered and investigated by underwater archaeologists during the national underwater cultural relics survey. The integrity of the hull and the rich cultural relics on board are of great significance to the study of shipbuilding history, shipping history, ceramic history and economic history in China and even the world.
Great integration of scientific and technological innovation: the world's first salvage technology has been successful
From discovery to underwater investigation to overall salvage, the empowerment of science and technology has always been an important way and core driving force to promote the archaeological and cultural relics protection of the Yangtze River Estuary No.2 ancient ship. In the Yangtze River estuary, where the visibility is almost zero, it is like looking for a needle in a haystack to find underwater cultural heritage. Muddy water environment is an extremely difficult bottleneck for the development of underwater archaeology in China and even the world. At the beginning of underwater archaeological work, Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau organized archaeologists and scientific and technological workers from National Cultural Heritage Administration Archaeological Research Center, Shanghai Cultural Relics Protection Research Center, Shanghai University, Ningbo Base of National Underwater Cultural Heritage Protection to carry out cross-border cooperation, jointly tackle key problems, and independently developed the "Underwater Imaging Device in Muddy Water" with national patents. Developed the "Key Technology and Application of Robot Underwater Archaeological Equipment", which won the second prize of Shanghai Science and Technology Award, and comprehensively used marine geophysical exploration equipment such as unmanned boat, multi-beam sonar, side-scan sonar, shallow profiler and magnetometer to carry out underwater investigation in the waters of the Yangtze River estuary. The integration of scientific and technological innovation has become the most important factor in discovering the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary.
after National Cultural Heritage Administration agreed to adopt the integrated salvage method to protect the ancient ship No.2 at the Yangtze River estuary, the Shanghai Cultural Relics Bureau and the Shanghai Salvage Bureau of the Ministry of Transport integrated the most advanced salvage technology, technical route and equipment manufacturing in the world, and finally studied and formed the world's first "integrated migration technology of non-contact cultural relics with curved beams" to salvage this ancient ship. This technology is a brand-new salvage solution based on bold scientific research and technological innovation. It creatively combines the nuclear power arc beam processing technology, tunnel shield tunneling technology and immersed tunnel docking technology, and uses the most advanced high-tech in the world such as hydraulic synchronous lifting technology and integrated monitoring system. In addition, in order to smoothly and safely lift the caisson formed by the arc beam and escort it to the dock, a special salvage engineering ship "Struggle Wheel" was creatively designed and built. The main dimension of the "Struggle Wheel" is 13m long, 34m wide and 9m deep, with a designed draft of 6m. The two ends are equipped with synchronous lifting devices, which are open in the middle of the ship and have a moon pool with a length of 56m and a width of 2m. After the completion of the beam crossing, the curved beam caisson is loaded with the ancient ship, which is directly lifted from the seabed to the middle moon pool by the "struggling wheel" and transported and unloaded to the dock. One ship has completed three tasks of lifting, transporting and unloading, which has many advantages such as high safety, strong operability and high technology content.
crossing site of curved beam between Dali and the struggling ship
crossing site of curved beam
crossing site of curved beam
crossing site of curved beam
On September 6th this year, the main operation ship "Dali" of the Yangtze River Estuary No.2 ancient ship overall salvage project arrived in the waters where the ancient ship was located, and the overall salvage and archaeological protection of the ancient ship were officially carried out. On September 12, the special "end plate-longitudinal beam" composite frame for integral salvage of ancient ships was sunk to the design position. On September 29, offshore construction entered the stage of installing arc beams, and officially went under the first group of 22 groups of arc beams. On November 15th, the 22nd group of arc beams passed through the beam in place. On November 17th, the special engineering ship "Struggle Wheel" arrived in the waters where the ancient ship was located, and the overall salvage of water entered a critical stage. After more than 7 days of offshore construction, the ancient ship successfully salvaged the water as a whole. Under the influence of COVID-19 epidemic, the overall salvage of the No.2 ancient ship in the Yangtze River estuary can still be successfully carried out in 222. On the one hand, it relies on Shanghai's high-end manufacturing ability and efficient organization ability, on the other hand, it also proves the advanced, stable and safe salvage technology of the first arc beam. These technologies, which were first applied in the field of archaeology and cultural relics protection, fully reflected the integrated development of cultural relics protection and scientific and technological innovation, provided new methods, opened up new ideas and added new cases for the overall salvage mode of underwater archaeology, and provided China concept and China experience for the world's underwater archaeology.
picture of salvage site
salvage site of ancient ship site waters
salvage site of ancient ship site waters.