First, the preliminary treatment of disinfection items all medical devices, sheets, clothes, etc. Those who have been exposed to pathogenic microorganisms should be disinfected with chemical disinfectants first, and then cleaned according to the routine. In particular, all kinds of articles used in infectious wards should be strictly inspected and disinfected before cleaning and disinfection. During daily cleaning, first soak and scrub with detergent solution to remove oil stains, blood stains and other dirt on articles, and then rinse with running water. Articles such as instruments with shaft joints, tooth slots and gaps should be opened or disassembled as far as possible and thoroughly cleaned. The washed articles should be dried and packaged according to clinical needs to avoid further pollution. Before and after decontamination, containers and means of transport should be strictly distinguished and clearly marked to prevent cross-infection.
Two, the packaging and containers of disinfection items should be properly packed with double white cotton cloth. New cloth should be washed and pulped before use. The packing of articles should be tied with string, not loose or too tight. The volume of the bag cannot exceed fire, fire and yin. When the container is used, it can not only block the invasion of external microorganisms, but also has good steam permeability. Such as special syringe disinfection box, dressing storage box, etc. Because it is difficult for steam to enter and the air in the aluminum box to be exhausted, conventional sterilization can't achieve the sterilization effect. The experimental comparison shows that the pollution rate is much higher than that of medical aluminum boxes. Therefore, civil aluminum boxed syringes or instruments cannot be used for sterilization.
Third, disinfection items should be placed reasonably. Too many sterilized items or improper placement will affect the sterilization effect. The contents of the disinfection pot should not be too crowded or exceed the contents of the pot. Try to sterilize similar items in a pot. If different kinds of articles are put together, the temperature and time required for sterilization shall prevail. When placing articles, they should be staggered up and down, left and right, leaving gaps so that steam can easily penetrate. The large disinfection package should be placed vertically on the upper floor, and the small package should be placed vertically on the large enamel box and storage tank, and the cloth and metal items should be disinfected at the same time. Metal objects should be placed in the lower layer, so that the heating of the two objects is basically the same, and the condensed water generated when the metal objects are sterilized should be prevented from wetting the cloth.
Fourth, exhausting air When using a high-pressure steam disinfection pot, the most important thing is to exhaust the air in the pot. If there is air in the pot, the pressure indicated by the air pressure needle is not the pressure generated by saturated steam. At the same pressure, the temperature of steam mixed with air is lower than that of saturated steam. When the degree of air exclusion in the tank is different, the relationship between pressure and temperature is shown in table. The temperature℃ when the pressure air is excluded to varying degrees is completely excluded. Under the same pressure, the temperature is℃ when air is completely excluded, and it is lower when air is not excluded, which is equivalent to boiling sterilization. Spores and hepatitis viruses cannot be killed in a short time, which affects the sterilization effect. Therefore, the exhaust must be thorough and the exhaust time should be about minutes.
The reasonable calculation of verb (verb abbreviation) sterilization time includes ① the breakthrough time from the time when the sterilization temperature is reached in the pot to the time when the most difficult part in the pot reaches this temperature; (2) Maintenance time is the time required to kill microorganisms, which is generally expressed by the time required to kill spores of Bacillus thermophilus, and it will die immediately after leaving the factory; ③ Safe time is the extra time needed to ensure sterilization. Generally, it is half of the thermal death time, and the length depends on the disinfection items. It does not take safe time to sterilize metal equipment that is easy to conduct heat. During the sterilization time, pay attention to the pressure gauge and adjust the air intake in time to keep the pressure at a constant level until the sterilization time. In the process of sterilization, if the pressure and temperature drop, the temperature should be raised again and the time should be re-timed.
Six, after sterilization, the disinfection items should be dry, and the indicator can be taken out of the pot when it meets the sterilization requirements. Strict aseptic operation should be carried out when taking aseptic items. First cover the article and close the vent hole on the storage tank. Food should be stored away from the ground. , no less than food from the top, away from the wall, to reduce pollution from the ground, roof and walls. At the same time, it should be classified, distributed and accessed in order. The hot and humid season beyond the validity period is generally not more than seven days, and the items that can be extended to days in the cold and dry season should be stopped.
Seven, to prevent overheating steam, for example, in the "pressure" should be different, when more than Luo, it becomes overheated. Although the temperature of superheated steam is high, like air, it can't condense into water to release latent heat when it meets sterilized items, which is not conducive to sterilization. The way to prevent overheating is not to let the temperature of the interlayer be higher than that of the disinfection room when using an external steam fire extinguisher, and the two should be similar. Don't let steam with excessive pressure enter the disinfection room. Don't let the absorbent be too dry before disinfection. Do not use high-pressure steam to heat to the required temperature, and then reduce the pressure.
Eight, pay attention to safety before each sterilization should check whether the sterilizer is in good working condition, especially the safety valve is in good condition. Do not decompress too quickly after disinfection. You should wait until the pressure gauge returns to its original position before opening the boiler door. If the disinfection pot is filled with bottled solution and the pot is suddenly opened, the glass will burst easily when it meets cold air. It must be noted that if the pot door is suddenly opened too wide, a large amount of cold air will enter people, which will easily condense the steam around the cloth into water droplets and block the cloth holes, so that the steam in the cloth cannot be discharged and the articles will become wet.