Development trend of technical standards

With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the competition of technical standards in the world is becoming more and more fierce. Whoever works out the standards recognized by the world will get huge market and economic benefits from it. Therefore, for some time, the governments of developed countries have been scrambling to increase the research on standardization strategy, trying to firmly grasp the initiative in the competition of technical standards. At present, the EU has more than 1 10,000 technical standards, Germany has about10.5 million industrial standards, and Japan has more than 8,200 industrial standards and more than 400 agricultural products standards.

(1) As a specific activity of human society, technical standards used to mainly solve the problems of universality and interchangeability of product parts, and are increasingly becoming an important barrier for a country to implement trade protection, that is, the main form of so-called non-tariff barriers. According to statistics, the number of cases restricted by technical barriers to trade in developing countries is about 3.5 times that of developed countries.

(2) Technical standards and patented technology are increasingly inseparable. In traditional industries, technology changes slowly, and economic benefits mainly depend on production scale and product quality. Technical standards mainly ensure the interchangeability and universality of products, and technical standards and technical patents are separated. Today, for high-tech industries, economic benefits depend more on technological innovation and intellectual property rights, and technical standards have gradually become the highest embodiment of the pursuit of patented technology. There is a new idea abroad: third-rate enterprises sell coolies, second-rate enterprises sell products, first-class enterprises sell patents, and super-first-class enterprises sell standards.

(3) Technical standards are increasingly becoming the commanding heights of industrial competition. Technical standards have become the commanding heights of competition in industries, especially high-tech industries. In traditional large-scale industrial production, products come first and standards come last. In the era of knowledge economy, standards often come first, especially in the field of high-tech industries. For example, there was an IP protocol before the Internet application. Before the commercialization of high-definition color TV and third-generation mobile communication, the dispute over standards has been in full swing. The competition of high-tech standards is, in the final analysis, the competition of future products, future markets and national economic interests. Because of this, technical standards are not only favored in the product field, but also become one of the powerful means to seize the commanding heights of the service industry. Another noteworthy phenomenon is that there are more and more so-called factual standards outside international standards. For example, Microsoft's Windows operating system and Intel's microprocessor in the United States have not become international standards, but they are actually recognized by the world as "winners take all". The appearance of factual standard is an important new feature in the new economic era.