Who has won the Nobel Prize in Physics and Chemistry?

- 1-Brief introduction of previous Nobel Prize winners in chemistry (191-29) Since the Nobel Prize was first awarded in 191, up to 26, 476 people in the world have won the Nobel Prize, including 162 winners in physics. Among the 476 Nobel Prize winners, four have won prizes twice. Among them, Marie Sklodowska Curie (Marie? Juli) (that is, Mrs. Juli) won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 193 and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. Badin won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 and 1972. Among all the scientists who won the prize, three couples won the prize together. French physicist Pierre Curie (Pierre? Juli) and Marie Sklodowska Curie (Marie? The couple won the physics prize in 193. Among all the award-winning scientists, there are five pairs of fathers and sons. * * * The winner of the 1915 Physics Prize was William Henry Bragg &; William Lawrence Bragg (father and son Prague); Joseph John Thomson &; George Paget Thomson (Thomson and his son); Niels Bohr &; Aage Niles Bohr (Bohr and his son); Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn &; Kai Manne Borje Siegbahn (father and son Segbaan). Among all the winning scientists, there are 1 female scientists. Among them, Marie Sklodowska Curie (Marie? Juli) and-2-Maria Goeppert Mayer (Maria? Meyer). Among all the award-winning scientists, six are Chinese scientists. Yang Zhenning and Li Zhengdao who won the physics prize in 1957 respectively; Ding Zhaozhong, physics prize in 1976; Li Yuanzhe who won the chemistry prize in 1986; Steven Chu, who won the physics prize in 1997; Cui Qi won the physics prize in 1998. The time and name of the winner of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry Chinese translation country award reasons 191 J.H.van't Hoff Netherlands studied the laws of chemical kinetics and osmotic pressure 192 E.FischerE Fischer Germany synthesized sugar and purine derivatives 193 S.Arrhenius Arrhenius Sweden put forward ionization theory 194 W.Ram Say Ramsey found inert gas in Britain in 195 A.von Baeyer Bayer Germany studied organic dyes and aromatic compounds in 196 H.Moissan Mowasan France prepared elemental fluorine in 197 E.Buchner Buchner Germany discovered the phenomenon of cell-free fermentation in 198 E.Rutherford Britain put forward the theory of radioactive element transformation 19. For 9 years, F.W.Ostwald ostwald studied catalysis, chemical equilibrium, Reaction speed in 191 O.Wallach wallach Germany studied alicyclic compounds in 1911 M.CurieM. Curie Germany discovered polonium and radium in 1912 V.Grignard Greenia France discovered magnesium as a reagent for organic reactions (known as format reagent) P.Sabatier Sabatier France studied catalytic hydrogenation of organic compounds in 1913 A.Wern. Er Werner Switzerland put forward the theory of coordination chemistry-3-1914 T.W.Richards Richards USA accurately determined the atomic weights of many elements 1915 R.Willstater Stedt Germany studied plant pigments, In particular, chlorophyll was not awarded in 1916; in 1917, 1918, F.Haber Haber invented synthetic ammonia in Germany; in 1919, it was not awarded; in 192, W.Nerst studied thermochemistry in Germany and put forward the third law of thermodynamics; in 1921, F.Soddy put forward the concept of isotope for the first time in Britain. It also proves the law of displacement. In 1922, F.W.Aston invented the mass spectrometer in Britain, and used it to determine the isotopes of non-radioactive elements. In 1923, F.Pregl invented the microanalysis method of organic compounds in fritz pregl and Austria. In 1924, the prize was not awarded. In 1925, R.Zsigmondy Siegmondi Austria clarified the polyphasic nature of colloidal solutions. Establish a modern research method of colloidal chemistry. In 1926, T.Svedlberg Swedberg invented the ultracentrifuge in Sweden. Used to study the dispersion system in 1927 H.Wieland Vilander Germany studied the composition of cholic acid in 1928 A.Windaus Wenders Germany studied the composition of cholesterol and its relationship with vitamins in 1929 A.Harden Harden Britain clarified the fermentation process of sugar and the role of enzymes and coenzymes H.von Euler-Chelpin Oiler-Kelpin Sweden 193. In 2, H.FischerH Fischer studied heme and chlorophyll in Germany. Synthesis of Heme-4-1931 C.Bosch studied the high-pressure method applied in chemistry in Germany F.Bergius Bergius Germany 1932 I.Langmuir Langmuir USA studied surface chemistry and adsorption theory, which was not awarded in 1933 H.C.Urey Yuri USA discovered heavy hydrogen in 1934 F.Joliot in 1935. -CurieF. Joliot-Curie, France, I.Joliot-CurieI. Joliot-Curie, France, 1936, P.Debye, the Netherlands, put forward the concept of dipole moment and used it and X-ray diffraction to study the molecular structure. In 1937, W.Haworth Haworth studied the structure of carbohydrates and vitamin C in Britain, and P.Karrer studied Hu in Switzerland. Radicin, riboflavin, The structure of vitamins A and B2 in 1938 R.Kuhn Kuhn studied carotenoids and vitamins in Germany in 1939 A.Butenandt studied sex hormones in butenandt and Germany L.Ruzicka studied polymethylene and higher terpenes in Switzerland. No prize was awarded in 194. In 1941, 1942, 1943 G.Hevesy used isotope tracing in Hevesy and Hungary. Heavy nuclear fission phenomenon was discovered by O.Hahn Hahn in Germany in 1944, feed storage and preservation method was invented by A.Virtanen in Virtanen and Finland in 1945, and protein enzyme L.H.Northrop was isolated and purified by J.B.Sumner in sumner in 1946, and the enzyme and virus protein-5-W.M were prepared in northrop in the United States. Stanley Stanley USA 1947 R.Robinson UK Studies Alkaloids 1948 A.W.K.Tiselius Sweden Studies Electrophoresis and Adsorption Analysis, Discovering the components of serum protein in 1949, W.F.Giauque, giauque, the United States, studied substances at ultra-low temperature, in 195, O.Diels, Germany, discovered diene synthesis reaction, K.Alder Alder, in 1951, E.M.McMillan, the United States, artificially synthesized transuranic element G.T.Seaborg, seaborg, the United States, in 1952, A.Ma Rtin Martin invented partition chromatography in Britain R.Synge Singer in Britain in 1953 H.Staudinger Staudinger in Germany put forward the concept of polymer in 1954 L.Pauling in the United States clarified the nature of chemical bonds to explain the complex molecular structure in 1955 V.Du Vigneaud Du? Vignau and the United States study important sulfur-containing compounds in biochemistry, Synthetic peptides hormone 1956 N.Semyonov Semenoff and the former Soviet Union studied the chemical kinetics of gas phase reaction C.Hinshelwood hinshelwood USA 1957 A.R.Todd Britain studied nucleotides and nucleotide coenzymes 1958 F.Sanger Sanger Britain determined the molecular structure of insulin 1959 J.Heyrovsky Sea. Lofsky Czech invented polarographic analysis in 196, while W.F.Libby invented radiocarbon dating in the United States in 1961, M.Calvin Kelvin studied the chemical process of photosynthesis in the United States.