1, strong scientific research does not mean strong industry.
Huawei's 5G technology and what most people call 5G are industrialized 5G, which is the comprehensive result of new communication technology standards represented by mmWave, massive MIMO and V2X. The main purpose of 5G network is "business", not scientific research.
2. The coverage level of American operators lags behind that of China.
China has the widest wireless network coverage and fiber-optic fixed network coverage in the world. Fiber-optic broadband and 4G base stations have covered remote mountainous areas, including the foot of Mount Everest, which is also possible under the special national conditions of China. American operators "only recognize money, only recognize people", not to mention social responsibility. The construction cost of fttp and base stations in remote areas is too high, so the coverage of optical fiber and base stations is far less extensive than that in China.
At present, the number of 4G base stations of the three major operators in China exceeds 4 million, while the number of 4G base stations in the United States is only over 200,000.
3. Reject Huawei's 5G equipment.
The U.S. government rejected Huawei and ZTE's 5G equipment, so U.S. operators have a narrower choice when building 5G basic networks, and can only choose equipment from European communication equipment manufacturers such as Ericsson and Nokia, which reduces the 5G construction and operation costs of competitors and American operators.
4. China 5G standard essential patent
The number of necessary patent applications for 5G standards accounts for 34% in China, of which Huawei accounts for 15%. Standard essential patent is an irreplaceable technical patent in the process of business development, and it is unavoidable to realize industry standards. Only 14% of the necessary patents for the American 5G standard, so "Huawei can still get patent royalties even if it doesn't sell goods in the United States".
In terms of 5G standards, first come, first served, the winner gets all, and there is no lateness. Therefore, it is difficult for the United States to surpass China in 5G technology.
In short, the United States has strong scientific research capabilities and strong communications, but strong scientific research does not mean strong industrialization. China's 5G technology has been industrialized, and its industrial capacity is stronger than that of the United States.
The layout of communication network in the United States lags far behind that in China. Let's look at the gap!
Differences in coverage of 4G networks
Since the era of 4G network, China's network communication coverage has far surpassed that of the United States.
The total number of 4G communication base stations in the world is 5 million. With the joint efforts of the three major operators, China plans to build more than 3 million 4G base stations, accounting for about 60% of the global total. The number in the United States is only over 200,000. Even counting the population and geographical average of the two countries, China is still far ahead of the United States.
What is the main reason for this gap? Not for technical reasons.
Therefore, China will be far ahead of the United States in base station coverage.
Patent Issues of 5G Networks
The number of 5G network patents can reflect the right to speak of a country or a company in a certain field.
The hot discussion is nothing more than the competition between Qualcomm and Huawei on the patent of 5G network:
So, why do you feel that Qualcomm has an advantage over Huawei in the patent of 5G network?
The core reason is that Qualcomm's patents on the 5G network are used more frequently, which is inevitable for any 5G mobile phone.
For example, there are three classic scenarios of 5G network: eMBB, mMTC and URLLC.
Among them, eMBB scenario is more important, mainly involving important applications such as mobile communication, data flow and high-definition voice.
Qualcomm obtained the control channel patent in eMBB scenario.
Manufacturing Problems of 5G Network Industry
Ok, let's talk about the manufacturing of specific 5G network equipment, which is the equipment that finally landed.
Qualcomm is only a chip and patent research and development company, and does not have the ability to manufacture communication network equipment. At the same time, Verizon in the United States has also closed down. The United States abandoned Huawei's 5G network equipment and only spent a higher price to buy 5G network equipment from European manufacturers.
Huawei's greatness is not limited to research and development, but also has the manufacturing capability of the entire industrial chain of 5G network equipment. The operator end includes 5G base station equipment, and the user end includes CPE equipment and mobile phone equipment of the mobile terminal. Hardware equipment can be manufactured in any link of the 5G network.
The United States relies on core technologies to suppress Huawei's problems.
The United States has a poor landing ability in the communication network, but it does not want to lose its position as a technology hegemon, trying to suppress Huawei with its own superior resources. The United States is indeed ahead of China in terms of chips, operating systems and design software. So you can see the news that American companies and Huawei have stopped cooperation. For example, Qualcomm, Intel, Microsoft, Google and so on.
However, according to Huawei's current situation, although it has a great impact, it will not be fatal. After this ordeal, I will become stronger.
How to treat the United States with strong scientific research strength, but the 5G network is backward?
Let me analyze this question in an easy-to-understand way and see the answer to this question. To analyze why American 5G technology is backward, we must clearly understand the composition of 5G technology holding companies, and then we can find that 5G is only the missing link of the United States in the all-round leading human science and technology tree.
The first thing to admit is that the United States is indeed a global leader in science and technology and scientific research capabilities as a whole. Mainly because the second and third industrial revolutions were in the United States. Edison discovered how to use electricity, and the Internet originated in America. As the origin of technology, it must be the leader of this part of technology. So we can see that in the third industrial revolution, a large number of advanced technology companies were born in the United States, such as Intel, Cisco, Qualcomm, Google and so on.
American technology is so powerful that some industries are irreplaceable, such as chip industry and related software industry. It is true that the United States is the highest level. Many chips do not even have substitutes, and the operating system is dominated by Microsoft. Therefore, the United States banned the chip, and ZTE surrendered directly, and there was no room for struggle. This is very helpless.
However, American science and technology is not ahead of all human science and technology trees. American science and technology as a whole belongs to the strongest in the world. But the overall toughness does not mean that the United States is leading in all fields, especially the wireless communication technology involved in 5 G.
First of all, it should be clear that the core technology of 5G is wireless measurement, that is, terminals and wireless base stations. For the construction of the national 5G network, the scene deployment industry of operators is very important. Therefore, we can understand that the main holders of 5G technology will be composed of mobile terminal chip vendors, mobile communication equipment vendors and mobile operators.
In terms of mobile terminal chip vendors, Qualcomm's 4G direction is wrong and not dominant.
In the 1980s, the United States really occupied the dominant position in communication technology, and at & amp； T's position in the Jianghu is unparalleled, and it is the absolute technical overlord in the telecom and telephone industry. So was Qualcomm at that time. At that time, most of the patents of CDMA, the two major mobile communication systems in the world, were controlled by Qualcomm. However, due to Qualcomm's greedy charging, the main trend of mobile communication has turned to the GSM standard formulated by the European Telecommunications Standards Organization, and 3G, 4G and 5G have evolved from the non-American-led standard organization 3GPP on the basis of GSM.
Therefore, since the initial direction was CDMA, UMB, the successor standard led by Qualcomm, died directly in 4G, and Qualcomm switched to the evolution camp of 4G-LTE. Therefore, starting from 4G, Qualcomm has gradually lost its absolute leading position, and its accumulation in GSM is not much higher than that of Huawei or Samsung. This is the situation of terminal chip manufacturers.
In terms of mobile communication equipment manufacturers, the United States is completely backward.
Let's look at communication equipment manufacturers. With the decline of Motorola, Lucent was acquired by Alcatel and Nokia, and the main players of wireless communication manufacturers were not in the United States. As for the proud Cisco of the United States, it does not involve the key wireless communication business of 5G at all. Cisco is the global overlord of data communication (fixed network), so it can only be used for the fixed bearer of 5G network, which has little to do with the core wireless communication technology of 5G.
Therefore, in the field of communication equipment manufacturers, the right to speak in mobile communication is mainly in the hands of Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia and ZTE, and no American company has the right to speak.
In terms of mobile communication operators, the United States has no right to speak.
Look at the operator again. The most advanced operator in the world is not in the United States. Japanese operators such as NTT, China Mobile, Deutsche Telekom, Vodafone in Britain and LGU+ in South Korea have enough voice in the world. The number of 4G wireless base stations in China alone is nearly 10 times that in the United States (look down on friends who say that mobile phones are expensive, how good service do you think you can enjoy in the United States? ), leading to the low voice of American operators in mobile communication, even the main scenes of mobile communication can not be covered. How can they have a say?
Therefore, in the field of mobile communication operators, the United States has no right to speak. In fact, China Mobile has a very strong voice among the 5G operators, so the United States is now attacking China Mobile and suppressing China Mobile.
Conclusion: The loss of discourse power makes 5G a short board of science and technology in the United States.
Therefore, we can see that among the standard essential patents of 5G, the standard essential patents of American companies are very few, that is, Qualcomm occupies a place, and the equipment vendors are mainly players such as Huawei, Nokia (Finland, France), Ericsson (Sweden) and ZTE, and no American companies are among them. Therefore, we can think that the United States just lacks the 5G link in the global technology tree. Motorola and Lucent used to be communication giants in the United States, but in the 3G era, these two companies declined as a whole, and no enterprise in the United States has the complete ability to develop wireless communication.
So America is very embarrassed now. Seeing that Huawei leads the world in 5G, no American company has the ability to surpass Huawei in 5G equipment manufacturing and network construction, because the players in this piece are not the United States. Huawei only leads the world in the manufacture of communication chips and communication equipment, and Huawei and China Mobile have a great say in the operators. Huawei achieved overtaking in corners and hit the "weakest link" in the United States.
Invited to answer questions in this industry.
The scientific research ability of the United States is very strong, indeed very strong. However, in the field of mobile communication, it cannot be said that the 5G technology in the United States is backward. Can only say that with the rise of China's telecommunications industry, the United States is not so advanced.
The 5G we often say now refers to 5GNR under the 3GPP framework. 3GPP is a patent organization all over the world, among which China, the United States and Europe are now the three pillars.
In fact, the technology of the United States in the field of 5G is not backward. Even in the 5GNR standard of 3GPP, there are still many American companies.
Moreover, at present, IEEE (American Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) in the United States is also formulating relevant 5G standards, which will be submitted to ITU in 2020, but IEEE has not been an opponent of 3GPP in the field of mobile communication.
The overall strength of the American communications industry has ups and downs, but it is generally declining.
The decline of American communication industry is mainly related to the right to speak of communication industry and communication manufacturing industry.
Speaking of this topic, in fact, in any case, we can't kick off the disintegration of an American giant company, that is, AT & amp； t .
Some people may say, at & amp； T Also, it's a big operator in America. In fact, in&; T is just the original AT &；; Part of t is far less than before it was forced to dismember because of antitrust.
At&T Company. T's position before disintegration was equivalent to that of China Mobile, Huawei and N Qualcomm. at & amp； T is the overlord of the communication field, so it can be said that there is no opponent in the rivers and lakes.
At&T Company. T monopolized the telephone network in the United States, was also the largest telephone exchange manufacturer at that time, and was also the holy land of world scientific research.
At&T Company. Bell Laboratories under T is the birthplace of many important inventions, such as transistors, lasers, solar cells, light-emitting diodes, private branch exchanges, communication satellites, electronic digital computers, cellular mobile networks, long-distance calls, sound movies, stereos and so on. The unix operating system and C voice in our computer were also experimented by Bell.
At&T Company. T was split by the US government on the grounds of monopoly at 1984. Since then, the communication industry and communication manufacturing industry in the United States have slowly declined. Lucent Technology and Nortel Canada, which went bankrupt successively, can be said to be from AT & amp； t .
At present, the basic research of communication in the United States is ok, but the communication manufacturing industry in the United States has basically gone bankrupt or been acquired under the competition of domestic companies such as ZTE and Huawei. Of course, there are other reasons, but now there is only one powerful Cisco left in the communication manufacturing industry in the United States.
The field of mobile communication, from 1G to 5G, is a process in which the United States and Europe compete for dominance in shifts.
In the field of mobile communication, the strongest company in the United States is in the 1G era, and the most brilliant company in the 1G era is Motorola in the United States. The rise of Europe and the introduction of GSM in the 2G era have become winners in the 2G era, while Nokia, Ericsson, Siemens and Alcatel in Europe have made a lot of money in the 2G era. In the late 2G era, Qualcomm rose, and American communication manufacturing companies also responded, including Lucent, Nortel and Samsung. , began to support CDMA, and Europe to grab the market. However, CDMA was not successful in the 2G era.
The biggest winner in the 3G era is Qualcomm, whose CDMA has become the core of the three international 3G standards, so that the "Qualcomm tax" can be levied globally throughout the 3G era.
In the 3G era, TD-SCDMA, a standard introduced from China, became an international standard, and Chinese power began to emerge.
However, in the 3G era, Europe still relies on its strong communication manufacturing strength to promote WCDMA to become the most deployed standard in the world.
At that time, IEEE from the United States launched its own Wimax, trying to challenge WCDMA, but it died later. By the way, it also brought down communication manufacturing companies in the United States that were not very powerful at that time, including Lucent, Nortel and Motorola. Samsung's communication manufacturing industry, which is also within the sphere of influence of the United States, collapsed in the 3G era and was also weakened, so it can only be dormant in its own country.
In the 4G era, China continued to launch its own TD-LTE, which became the international 4G standard together with FDD-LTE in Europe.
The international standards of 4G are LTE-Advanced of 3GPP and IEEE 802. 16m of IEEE (namely Wimax-Advanced).
Qualcomm was marginalized in the 4G era, because UMB, a 4G standard evolved from 3GPP2 led by Qualcomm, died, and Qualcomm later switched to LTE alliance.
In the 5G era, Qualcomm in the United States has recovered in the field of mobile communication, but in the 3G era, it will never return to modernity.
Operators in the United States are all private enterprises, and the deployment of mobile communication networks is indeed relatively backward.
The three major domestic operators are all state-owned enterprises and must obey the arrangement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology requires the three major operators to complete 98% of 4G coverage, so the three major operators must fulfill this social obligation.
China Mobile has 24 1 10,000 base stations, Telecom138,000, China Unicom has 990,000, and China has 410.6 million. There are more than 5 million 4G base stations in China (calculated according to the completion of the construction of 4G base stations in China Unicom), while there are only about 300,000 4G base stations in the United States, which is far behind China in terms of 4G coverage.
In the 5G era, the spectrum used is higher and more base stations need to be built. The United States will lag far behind China in the construction of base stations.
To sum up, as far as technology is concerned, the United States cannot be said to be backward in the field of 5G, but it can only be said that with the rise of China's telecommunications industry, the United States is not so strong. However, the United States does lag behind in the manufacturing of 5G equipment and the network deployment of 5G operators.
Explain that 5G is not the key technology? The United States is making a mountain out of a molehill, but I think why does the United States suddenly attach importance to communication technology now? It is because China people are so enterprising that they boldly carry out various applications and innovations in Internet and communication, resulting in some new industries and added value. In the past, the United States always thought that the importance of 5g technology was not so high, but suddenly it seemed that this matter was beyond their imagination. As a result, the United States began to attach importance to communication technology. However, judging from the fact that restrictions hinder Huawei's development, the free economic culture advocated by the United States has disappeared. Obviously, the shameless side of Americans has been exposed. This makes Americans' position in the world economic and political arena a little shaken. State officials are usually allowed to set fires, but people are not allowed to light lamps. This cultural attribute is unacceptable to China people. Thousands of years of China's history tells us that this practice of the United States will only make us more disgusted and arouse us to surpass the economy and technology of the United States in all aspects.
The United States has a strong scientific research, and 5G is not backward in scientific research and implementation. China is not better than the United States in scientific research, but it is actually ahead in manufacturing. This is like, the United States is still the best at drawing drawings, but it can't build a house by itself.
When it comes to communication, you have to mention one person-claude shannon. Shannon is the founder of information theory. He is a professor at MIT. One of his students named Robert Gallagher invented LDPC code, and another Turkish student named Edard Arikan invented polar code. LDPC code and Polar code, which are called 5G standard, are dominated by Qualcomm and Huawei respectively. The strength of the United States can be seen in scientific research, and the level of MIT is still ahead of the world.
The backwardness of the United States lies in the absence of equipment manufacturers. At present, there are four major telecom equipment manufacturers in the world: Huawei, Ericsson, Nokia and ZTE, which account for 89% of the global telecom equipment. Of these four manufacturers, there are two in China and two in Europe, and there are no American companies.
The United States not only lacks communication equipment manufacturers, but also has only Apple, which is not good at communication at all, in the field of mobile terminals. The old Motorola has been sold by Lenovo, and in the field of communication chips, the United States also has Qualcomm.
In terms of user experience, the performance of the United States is not good. Last year, a set of data was "there are more than 5 million 4G base stations in the world and 3.393 million 4G base stations in China". Remote rural areas, even mountains and deserts have signals, so this kind of thing will not happen in the United States.
It is an indisputable fact that the United States ranks first in the world in science and technology, but it does lag behind China in the development of 5G. Why? The main reason is that 4G has been useless for several years. Perhaps even the major telecommunications companies in the United States have not fully popularized 4G. China Unicom's 3G cost in China has not been recovered yet, and China Unicom is still immersed in 3G construction. Moreover, the experience of 4G is not bad, and telecom companies have no incentive to invest in 5G, so the United States is not investing enough in 5G. On the contrary, both Huawei ZTE and the government have invested a lot of money in 3G China. China Mobile, over 200 billion yuan, seems to be a waste of water. With the promotion of 4G, the technologies of Huawei and ZTE are basically equal to those of the United States and Europe, and even have begun to lead. The future competition is the competition of IT information technology. China secretly, increase investment. By the time America wakes up, it will be too late. It is impossible to catch up with investing money and burning money now. Time does not allow Huawei to fall asleep at this time. Without information technology, the United States may lose its future and lose its country. After losing the title of number one in the world, the United States used all the power that the country could use to stifle ZTE Huawei. In fact, to stifle Huawei is to stifle China's sharp weapon and transportation capacity beyond the United States, and to strike precisely and with sinister intentions. Therefore, this struggle is not a simple trade war, but a fierce battle related to the fate of the two countries. Both sides will do their best. On the surface, a country suppresses a private enterprise, but behind it is a fierce battle that cannot be seen or eliminated.
Thanks for the official invitation. Glad to answer this question!
There may be a misunderstanding in this issue that the United States is backward in the 5G field. This view is not comprehensive!
First of all, the United States has been deeply involved in the 5G field for many years. According to the survey data of PricewaterhouseCoopers, before the rise of 5G in China, the technical capacity and infrastructure of the United States were far ahead of China and the world, and they were not backward at all!
Then why restrict the rise of Huawei and China in the 5G field at all costs? This question should be answered from two aspects.
First of all, politically, US President Trump needs a very convincing event to guide the domestic people to deal with the opposition's doubts about his ruling ability, and the political slogan he advocates is called the American priority principle! Therefore, his suppression of China is in line with his own political goals and caters to the mood of the "China-fearing" groups in China!
Secondly, China's representative enterprises, ZTE and Huawei, have made great progress in the field of 5G and have the right to speak in the formulation of industry standards, which is too much for the United States, which has always dominated the world. He is in extreme panic now, and he restricts China enterprises such as Huawei and ZTE at all costs, just to keep this right to speak. Before technology enters a new track of rapid development in the future, it will be stuck in 5G. If you get stuck, you will enjoy the throne for another 20 years. If it can't get stuck, America may sink. Therefore, this is a technical war that has to be fought!
However, the wheel of history is rolling forward, and no one can stop the social impact brought by scientific and technological progress. Although this is emotionally unacceptable to the United States, from the historical experience and development track, the American approach is futile. Even if China is restrained this time, other countries will jump out to challenge him.
Natural selection, survival of the fittest This is a rule set by God when he created this world, and no one can break it at all!
There is a saying: American research on 5G is biased!
Is 5G behind? Not the back! Just because Huawei 5G is too strong. Just like students in the same class, Huawei is a top student, and the United States is a good student, which may be a bit biased. Therefore, we see that Huawei has the best comprehensive test results; The United States is not as high as Huawei.
The overall ability of the United States in 5G is not weak. We quoted Lu Yong, vice president of Huawei, as saying: The proportion of 5G core patents of all American enterprises is less than 15%, while that of Huawei alone exceeds 20%!
Why? We have learned from several aspects:
In fact, it is not that the United States has fallen behind, but that China has risen. 2 1 century will surely be the century of dragons. After decades of reform and opening-up, China, a great eastern country, has stood in the east of the world, and history will surely prove that China is the best nation in the world.
At the beginning of the reform and opening up, Japanese brands such as Toshiba, Sony, Panasonic and Toyota swept through China, and now they are all won by Greater China. Some people think that Xiaohe people are smarter than us, which is wrong. The atomic bomb first developed by the Chinese nation after the founding of the People's Republic of China is exactly what we dare to challenge the United States today. As for the Japanese, it's 2 1 century. Strictly speaking, the United States is still an old semi-colonial country! Today, the Chinese nation has surpassed the imp in politics, economy, military science and technology! ! !
The next thing that the Chinese nation will surpass in an all-round way is the United States, which is super big, respectable and donkey-like! Actually, it's not just 5 G. Don't you see that China has surpassed the United States in many aspects, such as high-speed rail, high-speed, infrastructure and so on? Is it strange that 5g has surpassed it?
Today, my 5g license for Greater China has been issued, and my Greater China will surely lead the global development in terms of the Internet of Everything and intelligent technology! The Chinese nation will definitely rise and rise! ! ! ! ! ! ! !