Where does Nanzhu come from?

Macroscopically, it should be produced from Leizhou Peninsula in the south, to the north of Hainan Island in the east, and to the vast waters bordering Fangcheng County and Vietnam in the west, including Pearl Ponds in Dongguan and Huizhou, belonging to the Nanzhu family. Nanzhu is the queen of seawater pearls in China, and Zhanjiang has become a veritable South Pearl Center in China. China seawater pearl, also known as Nanzhu, is a pearl produced by Pinctada martensii. Nanzhu is big, round and charming. It is known as a national treasure and is world-famous. According to Huainanzi and Leizhou Fu Zhi, since Qin and Han Dynasties, feudal emperors have regarded Leizhou as the main producing area of pearls and sent letters to collect pearls. Leizhou, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province is the main producing area of Nanzhu, with a long history of pearl mining. Leizhou Liusha Village enjoys the reputation of "the first village of seawater pearls in China", and Leizhou Liusha was certified as the origin of Nanzhu by AQSIQ. Editor's Note: According to the development of this section 1996, the output of seawater pearls (Nanzhu) in China is nearly 20 tons, and it is one of the main suppliers in the pearl market in the world. South Pearl aquaculture in China has developed for more than 40 years. In terms of scientific research achievements, China's three major Nanzhu research centers have achieved nearly 20 major scientific research achievements; In terms of breeding technology, the artificial breeding technology, breeding technology, pearl insertion technology and triploid technology of mother shellfish are at the international leading level; In terms of pearl production, in recent years, China's seawater pearl production (South Pearl) has surpassed Japan and become the largest seawater pearl producer in the world. Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, September 17-Recently, it was learned from the Gemstone Association of China that the annual output of pearls in China is over 1500 tons, accounting for more than 95% of the world's total output, of which freshwater pearls account for 99% of the world's total output. China is one of the earliest countries in the world to discover and utilize pearls. At present, a distribution center for freshwater pearls, mainly represented by Tang Wei and Zhuji, Zhejiang, and a trading base for seawater pearl cultivation in Beihai and Zhanjiang have been formed nationwide. Because China's pearl export is still dominated by raw pearls, the price is relatively low, and the total pearl sales only account for about 10% of world trade. The pearl culture in Zhanjiang has a history of more than 30 years. Since 1990s, the annual output of pearl seedlings in Zhanjiang has accounted for more than 90% of the whole country. Last year, the pearl cultivation area in the city was 53,800 mu, and the pearl output was 2 1.8 tons. The output of seawater pearls in Zhanjiang accounts for 70% of the national output, and the processing volume of seawater pearls accounts for 90% of the national total. Zhanjiang has developed into the production, processing and sales center of China Nanzhu. Zhanjiang is an important base for the cultivation, processing and export of seawater pearls in China. The pearl trading center market moved from Beihai to Zhanjiang. According to historical records, China used Nanzhu to pay tribute to the emperor since the Qin Dynasty (22 BC1-206 BC), and pearls were always abundant in the later Han Dynasty. Emperors of past dynasties sent internal supervisors to Hepu Lianzhou to guard the pearl pond, mine pearls and pay tribute to the emperor. The Ming Dynasty was the heyday of pearl picking in Hepu. The most abundant time was the twelfth year of Hongzhi (AD 1499), and 28,200 natural pearls were collected. In ancient times, pearl picking was set up in eight villages in Hepu, and it was concentrated in Hepu Bailong City, where pearls and shells were piled up into city walls, so it was called "Bailong Pearl City". There is also a folk story of "pearls return to Hepu" in history. Seven natural pearl ponds distributed in the shallow sea of about 40,000 hectares along the southeast coast of tieshangang district (formerly Hepu County) in Beihai added luster to the dynasties. (Many TV dramas with costume themes often mention Hepu Nanzhu, such as "Ji Xiaolan with an iron mouth and copper teeth", which celebrates the birthday of the Queen Mother, and Xiao Shenyang gave Hepu Nanzhu the word "Shou". ) In this section, the seawater pearl culture in Nanzhu adopts the technology of "inserting nucleus culture". From 65438 to 0965, Hepu Pearl Farm in Guangxi cooperated with Nanhai Institute of Oceanography to successfully raise artificial seedlings, which was the first time that Pinctada martensii was successfully raised in China. Since then, the propagation and breeding of pearls have all been carried out manually, which has improved the situation that natural Pinctada Hepu was facing extinction at that time. "Artificial cultivation of shellfish fry" won the 1976 National Science Conference Award. Pearl collection was changed to artificial culture. Only 1965, Hepu harvested 33 kilograms of pearls. 1966, Hepu pearl farm adopted scientific methods to cultivate pearls, which shortened the cultivation cycle of artificial pearls from the past three years to more than one year, and increased the output from about 10,000 pearls 10 kg to more than 24 kg. Since then, the pearl breeding industry has entered a brand-new development period, and the marine pearl breeding industry in China has turned a new page, and Nanzhu has begun to glow again. Since the end of last century, artificial breeding technology has been quite mature. Pearl farms in the southern coastal areas of China have not only mastered advanced scientific breeding technology, but also constantly summed up experience, pioneered and innovated, and developed new varieties. After more than ten years' exploration, Beihai Renshi has cultivated colorful pearls such as rose, emerald green and sea blue with black butterfly, white butterfly and Malpighia as mother shells by biotechnology. And applied for a patent for invention. Through expert appraisal, this technology fills the international gap. An old bead farmer in Hepu also cultivated beads. Mr. Xie Shaohe of Guangdong Shaohe Pearl Co., Ltd. has developed a new variety through years of efforts. As long as the Buddha statues, portraits or various images are implanted into the mussels, these vivid images will be found in the nucleated pearls after growth, which are very ornamental, and the pearls are large, round and shiny. At present, there is a large demand and high price in the international market. The pearl breeding industry in the south coast of China is in a period of vigorous development. If a few years ago, pearl culture was still in its infancy, with small particles, thin nacre and single variety, then today, pearl culture has developed in the direction of large particles, thick nacre and diversified varieties. Since the beginning of this century, pearl farmers, after experiencing the experiences and lessons of rough, poor quality and low price in previous years, have carried out intensive cultivation, done a good job in rare planting of pearls, and vigorously promoted a series of high and new technologies such as deep-water pearl cultivation, preoperative treatment, perspective nuclear insertion, large nuclear insertion, single nuclear insertion and colored pearls, and achieved good results. The output of pearls has been greatly improved, and the pearls produced are thick and shiny, with a commodity rate of 95%. In order to determine the value of a pearl, the following factors must be considered: the important factor in determining the price is the number of yards, and some pearls with the same number of yards are priced according to their quality and people's demand for it. The most important value factor is the luster of pearls. The luster of pearls is determined by the depth of nacre and the perfect combination of crystals. Don't confuse the luster of pearl surface with its luster. Gloss is a kind of luster in the depths of pearls. Put pearls in a dark place, and this luster is easy to appear. The so-called oriental pearls (also known as "pearls with special luster") are not because they come from the East, but because of their luster. No matter what grade, shape and color pearls are, they must be shiny, which is for sure. If pearls have no luster, they are lifeless products. Generally, if they are cultured for a long time, their luster will be better. The second factor is whether there are stains and flaws on the pearl surface. Although perfect pearls are quite rare, the degree of imperfection visible to the naked eye determines the value of pearls. Color is another factor, but it is a very subjective factor. Most experts like rainbow colors or colors with reflections. Pink or white pearls are the most valuable in America. In Europe, cream and pink pearls are considered to be the most valuable, while in South America and Central America, people like dark gold pearls best, but generally prefer jade white pearls, accounting for more than 85% of the total. Pearls may be popular in many attractive shapes, but recently those round pearls are the most valuable. Since the appearance of freshwater pearls, the requirements for the shape of freshwater pearls are not so strict, and more attention is paid to the color of pearls. Edit this type: the Middle East and India like round, round and flat, while Europe and America are mainly rice-shaped and some like flat. The most popular pearl jewelry is pearl necklace. Every country in the world has different color preferences for pearls. Americans like white, cream, pink, gold and black. Italy likes emulsifiable concentrate, pink; France likes white; British favorite emulsifiable concentrate, pink, white and gold; Hong Kong likes red, white and yellow; India likes emulsifiable concentrate, gold and blue; Canada likes white. According to one's skin color and hair quality, pearls of different colors are also exquisite. People with good complexion, blond hair and red neck should match white rose pearls, light skin should match bluish white or yellowish pearls, and white blonde hair should match gray pearls. Generally speaking, whites use white pearls, yellow pearls and black pearls, which are more harmonious with the skin. When pricing a necklace, we should also consider an additional factor, that is, the pearls that make up the necklace are matched into a mixture. For pearls with the same size, the appropriate price of each factor is as follows: the luster of pearls accounts for 40%, the cleanliness accounts for 20%, the color accounts for 20%, and the shape accounts for 20%. There are also several factors that play a direct role in determining the quality of freshwater aquaculture. Because freshwater cultured pearls are popular in various shapes, it is a trick to decide the size. Therefore, weight will inevitably replace centimeters. For seawater beads, if the weight is equal, luster is an important factor to judge their quality. The luster of pearls in this paragraph is determined by the species of mollusks and their origin and growth. Freshwater farming is usually clean. The defects on the seawater beads are not obvious. Therefore, the smoothness of pearl surface is the decisive factor, and smoothness is related to the degree of wrinkles. Only when the shape of the pearl looks beautiful can it be regarded as the decisive factor. For rice grains, flat or semicircular pearls, if the quality is the same, the price difference will not be great. The color of freshwater pearls plays a greater role than its shape. The more attractive the natural color, the higher the value of pearls.