1, stock option system or stock reward system. For R&D human capital and skilled human capital, this institutional arrangement can play a better role in stimulating technological innovation. Technological innovation activities, new technologies and new products will increase the profits of enterprises, and the stock appreciation of enterprises will increase according to the performance of technological innovation. R&D people will work harder to engage in technological innovation activities. By giving R&D personnel certain stock options, R&D personnel can participate in surplus distribution by virtue of their own human capital, which is the confirmation and realization of R&D human capital property rights, thus promoting technological innovation of enterprises. According to the analysis of relevant experts, in Silicon Valley of the United States, the distribution system such as stock options is the most inspiring. By establishing the property right of human capital, stock option fundamentally solves the problem of innovation incentive from independent inventor system to internal R&D system of enterprises. Under the internal system of an enterprise, the R&D personnel of the enterprise use the equipment and funds of the enterprise when engaging in R&D activities, and become the employer holding the salary of the enterprise. Therefore, the ownership of innovation results belongs to the enterprise, and R&D personnel no longer enjoy the ownership of innovation results. If R&D personnel only receive a fixed salary, they will not enjoy the benefits brought by innovation, which will undoubtedly greatly dampen the enthusiasm of R&D personnel. Under the stock option distribution system, R&D personnel can get the income corresponding to their contributions, thus improving their private rate of return and mobilizing the enthusiasm of innovation.
2 technology shares, technology shares or technology achievements sharing. Technology shareholding means that the company extracts a certain proportion of shares from the total shares, which are held by employees who have made important contributions, and employees share dividends. Generally speaking, employees have no ownership of the shares they hold, but they can have the right of possession, income and disposition. Technology holding is to confirm the intangible assets created by R&D personnel under the premise of clear property rights, so as to obtain the benefits of technological innovation and improve the private rate of return of innovation. Technology shareholding refers to the behavior of technology holders to invest in enterprises with technology as intangible assets. Technology shareholding is an important form to realize technology value. The Company Law, the Law on Enterprises with Foreign Investment, the Law on Partnership Enterprises and other laws clearly stipulate that industrial property rights and non-patented technology know-how can be invested at a fixed price, and the proportion of industrial property rights and non-patented technology investment does not exceed 20%, and the proportion of high-tech achievements investment in shares does not exceed 35%. The so-called commission on technical achievements refers to the behavior that the person who completes the technical achievements of the post obtains distribution in a certain way and proportion from the income transferred by the unit that completes the technical achievements of the post or the unit that implements the transformation of the technical achievements of the post. This system can make R&D personnel of enterprises get certain innovation benefits, thus improving their innovation enthusiasm. For example, in order to stimulate employees' enthusiasm for innovation, Daimler Benz Aerospace Company of Germany stipulates that after employees apply for patents for their inventions, if the company implements the patents by itself, it will pay 0.2% of the sales as a reward for the inventors, and if others are allowed to implement them, it will pay 22% of the patent royalties to the inventors.
3 * * * personnel and enterprises enjoy the property rights of technological achievements. The R&D personnel in the enterprise and the enterprise * * * enjoy the ownership of the achievement, then the R&D personnel will get the right to benefit from the technological achievement, thus greatly improving the private rate of return. Therefore, this institutional arrangement can effectively stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of R&D personnel. Similarly, this provision also has an important incentive effect on cross-unit cooperation. Even if the R&D personnel of the original enterprise are transferred from the original unit, this method of residual ownership sharing can enjoy the benefits of innovation, which does not affect the flow of talents, and also reduces the risk of R&D personnel leaving the original unit to reveal business secrets.