1. Perovskite solar cells are currently the most rapidly developing new generation of photoelectric conversion devices. Their photoelectric conversion efficiency is close to the level of silicon cells, and their cost advantages are obvious. They are considered to be the most likely to be promoted on a large scale. One of the new solar cell devices.
2. The world’s first mass production of “perovskite” solar cells, which uses printing technology and can be manufactured at half the cost, started in September. Polish start-up Saule Technologies has been advancing preparations for mass production of perovskite solar cells. In May, it opened the world's first factory including a trial production line. In September, it began supplying indoor batteries that deliver power to electronic price tags in supermarkets and other places. . The company will first target the market for IoT devices such as smart home appliances, which will increase in the future, and strive to supply batteries integrated with building exterior walls or installed on roofs and pure electric vehicle batteries in a few years. It is worth noting that British and Chinese companies will also start mass production in 2022.
3. Perovskite solar cells are made by coating thin glass and plastic substrates with liquid and then firing them. Manufacturing costs are reduced compared to traditional "silicon-type" solar cells made by growing silicon crystals. The wholesale price of equipment for silicon solar cells is US$500 to US$1,000 per kilowatt, while the perovskite type is expected to be only about half that. In addition, the weight is only one-tenth that of the silicon type, making it easy to install in buildings and pure electric vehicles (EVs). With the advancement of technology, the industrialization process of perovskite solar cells is accelerating, and companies in related fields are expected to usher in opportunities.
4. The research and development of Tuori Xinneng (002218) perovskite technology involves component selection and ratio, equipment and process preparation, material packaging, scene application, external circuit design, etc. At present, The project is progressing smoothly and is continuing to conduct in-depth research and development of perovskite technology and mass-produce the research results.
5. Kingsignal (300252) owns some related cooperation patents such as perovskite solar cells and their preparation methods.
Structure of perovskite oxide
1. The chemical formula of perovskite compound is ABO3, and most of the elements in the periodic table can form a stable perovskite structure. . Under normal circumstances, the A site is an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and rare earth metal ion with a larger radius, located in the center of a tetradecahedron composed of 12 oxygen atoms. The B position is a transition metal ion with a relatively small radius, located in the center of an octahedron composed of 6 oxygen ions.
2. When synthesizing ABO3-type oxides, the sizes of various ions should meet certain conditions, otherwise the crystal lattice will become unstable, distorted, or form other structures. Goldschmidt once introduced the expression of tolerance factors: rA, rB, and rO represent the ionic radii of A, B, and O respectively. When 0.751, it exists in calcite or aragonite structure. There are many titanates, zirconates, and stannates, such as A=Ca, Sr, Ba, and B=Ti, Zr, Sn, which meet the tolerance factor of perovskite and have a perovskite structure. A and B in ABO3 are not limited to 2- and 4-valent ions. As long as their sum of electric valence is 6 and their ionic radii match, it is possible to form perovskite compounds. NaNbO3, LaFeO3, (K1/2La1/2)TiO3, etc., meet the electricity price conditions and radius conditions, and are all compounds with a perovskite structure. In La2/3Ca1/3MnO3, the incorporation of low-valence Ca causes Mn to adopt a mixed valence state of 3 and 4, thereby meeting the electricity price requirements of the perovskite structure. In Ca2CaUO6, 1/3 of Ca and U alternately occupy the B site of the perovskite lattice. In Ba2Bi2O6, half of the Bi atoms are 3-valent and the other half are 5-valent.
3. In the perovskite structure, when t=1.0, the cubic lattice with the highest symmetry is formed, when 0.960), La0.8Sr0.2Cu0.15Fe0.85O3-δ and La0.8Sr0. 2Cu0.15Al0.85O3-δ should have a cubic structure. When the preparation conditions are different, the crystal phase of the product will also change accordingly