Theoretically, there are two accounting methods for government subsidies: income method and capital method. The so-called income method is to include government subsidies into current income or deferred income; the so-called capital method is to include government subsidies into owner's equity. There are two specific methods of income method: gross method and net method. The gross method is to recognize the full amount of government subsidies as income when recognizing them, rather than as a deduction from the book balance of related assets or expenses. The net method recognizes government subsidies as a deduction from the book balance of related assets or compensation expenses. The government subsidy standards require the adoption of the total amount method in the income method in order to reflect the relevant information of government subsidies more truly and completely.
1. Government subsidies related to income
(1) Government subsidies related to income shall be included in the current profits and losses in the period when the relevant expenses or losses compensated by them occur, that is:
① If it is used to compensate the enterprise for expenses or losses in the future period, it will be recognized as deferred income when it is obtained, and then included in the non-operating income of the current period during the period when the relevant expenses are recognized;
② If it is used to compensate for the expenses or losses incurred by the enterprise, it will be directly included in the non-operating income of the current period.
(2) Government subsidies obtained by enterprises in accordance with fixed quota standards in daily activities shall be measured according to the amount receivable, debiting the "other receivables" account and crediting "non-operating income" ( or "deferred income") account.
(3) Government subsidies that are uncertain or obtained in non-daily activities should be measured according to the actual amount received, debiting "bank deposits" and other accounts, and crediting "non-operating income" ( or "deferred income") account. If it involves periodic apportionment of deferred income, the "deferred income" account will be debited and the "non-operating income" account will be credited.
When an enterprise obtains government subsidies for comprehensive projects, it needs to be decomposed into asset-related parts and income-related parts, and accounted for separately; if it is difficult to distinguish, the government subsidies as a whole shall be classified as Government subsidies related to income will be included in the current profit and loss, depending on the situation, or recognized as current income in installments during the project period.
2. Government subsidies related to assets
Government subsidies related to assets obtained by an enterprise cannot be recognized in full as income for the current period. They should be gradually included in the future as the relevant assets are used. Earnings for each period. In other words, such subsidies should first be recognized as deferred income, and then distributed evenly over the useful life of the asset from the time the relevant asset becomes available for use, and included in the non-operating income of the current period.
Government subsidies related to assets are usually in the form of monetary assets. When the enterprise actually receives the payment, it shall debit "bank deposit" and other accounts and credit "deferred" according to the actual amount received. "Income" account. When government subsidies are used for the purchase and construction of long-term assets, the purchase and construction of relevant long-term assets is consistent with the normal asset purchase and construction or R&D processing of the enterprise, and is classified through "construction in progress", "R&D expenditures" and other accounts. Set and converted into fixed assets or intangible assets upon completion.
From the time when the relevant long-term assets are available for use, when the relevant assets are depreciated or amortized, the deferred income will be allocated equally to the current profit and loss according to the expected use period of the long-term assets, and the debit " The "Deferred Revenue" account is credited
The "Non-operating income" account. If the relevant assets are disposed of (sold, transferred, scrapped, etc.) at or before the end of their useful life, the balance of deferred income that has not yet been amortized shall be transferred to the income of the current period of asset disposal in one go and will no longer be transferred
Deferred.
In rare cases, asset-related government subsidies may also
be the government's free transfer of long-term non-monetary assets to enterprises, which should be completed after the assets are actually obtained. During the relevant transfer procedures, the asset shall be recognized and measured according to its fair value. If the value stated on the relevant voucher of the asset is not significantly different from the fair value, the value stated on the relevant voucher shall be regarded as the fair value. ; If the value is not indicated or the difference between the stated value and the fair value is large, but there is an active market, the fair value shall be based on the market price of the same or similar assets with conclusive evidence. If the fair value cannot be obtained reliably, it shall be measured according to the nominal amount (1 yuan).
If the government subsidy obtained by the enterprise is a non-monetary asset, it should first recognize an asset (fixed assets or intangible assets, etc.) and deferred income at the same time, and then amortize the deferred income equally over the useful life of the relevant asset. Income shall be included in the income of the current period. However, government subsidies measured in nominal amounts are included in the current profits and losses when they are obtained.
Attachment:
1. What is the measurement of nominal amount (i.e. 1 RMB)?
The value of some things cannot be measured, and the unit of accounting is "1".
For example, the country allocates a certain natural resource to a certain unit, because it cannot be measured. Value, accounting treatment of this unit:
Debit: a certain asset 1
Credit: paid-in capital - national 1
2. Corporate income tax subsidized by the government Question:
Answer: Fiscal subsidy income that does not need to pay corporate income tax refers to: economic benefits that are not brought about by the company’s profit-making activities in nature and origin, do not bear tax obligations, and are not taxable income component of income.
Mainly include the following categories:
(1) Financial appropriation: refers to the financial funds allocated by the people’s governments at all levels to institutions, social groups and other organizations that are included in budget management, but Except as otherwise provided by the State Council and the financial and taxation authorities of the State Council.
Excludes:
① Fiscal subsidies, tax refunds, export tax rebates and other fiscal funds received by enterprises;
(Financial subsidies refer to the national fiscal funds for A kind of compensation provided to enterprises or individuals to achieve specific political, economic and social goals, mainly to enterprises and consumers that produce or operate certain sales prices below cost within a certain period of time or to increase the sales price of goods. Economic compensation. It is a means for the state finance to regulate the national economy and social life through intervention in distribution. The purpose is to support the development of production, adjust the relationship between supply and demand, stabilize market prices, and safeguard the interests of producers, operators or consumers. )
②The main body is governments at all levels, and the objects are public institutions and social groups;
③The content is the fiscal funds included in the budget.
(2) Administrative fees collected in accordance with the law and included in financial management
Refer to the administrative charges collected in accordance with laws, regulations and other relevant provisions, and approved in accordance with the procedures prescribed by the State Council, in the implementation of social welfare *** Management, as well as the fees collected from specific objects and included in financial management in the process of providing specific public services to citizens, legal persons or other organizations
(3) Governmental fees collected in accordance with the law and included in financial management Funds
refers to special-purpose fiscal funds collected by enterprises on behalf of the government in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and other relevant provisions
(4) Other non-taxable income stipulated by the State Council
p>Refers to the fiscal funds obtained by the enterprise for special purposes specified by the finance and taxation authorities of the State Council and approved by the State Council
3. Return of government subsidies
Article 9 If a confirmed government subsidy needs to be returned, the following situations shall be handled separately:
(1) If there is relevant deferred income, the book balance of the relevant deferred income shall be offset, and the excess shall be included in the current profit and loss. ;
(2) If there is no relevant deferred income, it will be directly included in the current profit and loss.