The total energy contained in waves is amazing. It is estimated that the energy contained in the earth's Shanghai waves is equivalent to 90 trillion kWh of electricity.
The development of science and technology has improved the ability of human beings to control the waves. In the early 1960s, people began to study and utilize wave power generation, which is a unique wave power generation.
In recent years, some countries in the world have carried out research on wave power generation and started to explore its practical application. Japan, surrounded by the sea, is rich in wave resources. In order to effectively develop these resources, Japan Ocean Science and Technology Center began to develop wave power generation devices from 1974, and built a large-scale wave power generation ship "Haiming", with a hull length of 80 meters, a width of 12 meters and a total weight of 788 tons. The first sea trial of "Haiming" was carried out from 1978 to 1979 in the sea area of Yoshiko Yura, hegang, Yamagata Prefecture, and achieved initial results, contributing to the world's largest wave power generation at present, with an annual power generation of190,000 kWh. The existing problems are: the valve damage rate is about 10%, the valve box is large, the air volume is insufficient, the power generation output changes greatly, and the power generation cost is as high as 340 yen per kWh.
In order to solve the above problems, the second phase of sea trial was carried out from September 3, 65438 to March 365438, hegang, Yamagata Prefecture, 3 kilometers away. The second stage of the test aims to complete the economical air turbine, and the valveless series Wells turbine test is carried out on the "Hamming" ship to confirm its practical application. In addition, with the power generation cost of 50 yen/kWh as the goal, various practical studies such as optimal ship form, airflow phase control and output enhancement are carried out.
Japan has built a new type of wave power generation device on the Tanabe coast of Jiulimachi, Chiba Prefecture, with a total investment of 65.438+0.46 billion yen and an output power of 30 kilowatts. The new wave power generation device consists of a wave energy absorber, a gas supply pipe, a constant pressure tank and a compressed air generator. Its biggest feature is that the constant pressure box sends compressed air to the compressed air generator after constant pressure treatment, which is easy to obtain stable and high-quality electric energy and overcomes the defect of high cost in wave power generation.
Experiments show that the power generation efficiency will be higher if the constant pressure box is combined with the high-efficiency and large-capacity air compression generator. The Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy plans to build a new wave power station with a power generation capacity of 65,438+00 MW. The power station started operation on 1990. This wave power station is planned to be built by Kvaerner Company, and it is based on the wave power generation of "Oscillating Water Column Mode" (OWC) currently in operation. OWC is a device that turns waves entering a 20-meter-high steel pipe into a water column, makes the internal air move by the action of a piston, and drives a 500 kW Wells turbine to rotate.
The new 10 MW wave power station is planned to be built near Bergen. If electricity is generated in this way, the air turbine will stall if the waves are too big. Kvaerner considered installing a circular control valve for control, and the research team of Queen's University considered using a coaxial combination of two Wells turbines. Even if the front section stalls, the back section can still generate electricity. The power generation cost of the new 10 MW unit is expected to be lower than 2.5p/kWh. Sweden made a floating triangular device, which is made of aluminum. There are many dexterous impellers that "bite" the peak tightly and rotate like a crankshaft. The power generation cost of this wave power station is 0/2 Fenni per kWh/KLOC, which is much cheaper than other power stations.
The oil crisis that broke out in the early 1970s promoted the research of wave power generation technology for the first time. At that time, Lockheed Company of the United States began to conduct wave power generation experiments. British appropriation 1 10,000 pounds to develop marine power technology. Christopher Kohler, who invented the hovercraft, designed a movable anti-rolling device. When they are placed on waves, all kinds of movable joints can rotate.
According to the calculation of scientists at the University of Teheim, there is 600 million megawatts of potential electricity every year on the narrow Norwegian Gulf Line, which is only 2,500 kilometers long.
Among various wave power generation technologies, "vibrator" is more promising. This experimental power station is like a pipe row, which is installed in a rock pit west of Bergen and works according to the principle of hydraulic piston. But now this equipment is also in trouble when it is running. In the initial experiment, when the propeller turned, it made an extremely tragic roar. Experts who visited the power station said, "Noise is like an air raid alarm, which can be heard from a distance." In the storm of 1989, the 16-meter-high tower couldn't stand it and fell into the sea.
The person in charge of the project intends to put the turbine back into production on the basis of new concrete with improved structure.
Completely different from the Norwegian heavy facilities, the Swedish rotor structure is particularly light. It uses almost no aluminum, is easy to transport, and has no heavy mechanical parts. Swedes are pinning their hopes on orders from small island countries.
A wave power generation device was developed in Britain and tested on a floating barge. When the wave head is 3 meters high, its power generation is110 kw; When the wave height is 5 meters, the maximum power generation capacity is 220 kilowatts. The power generation principle of this device is that the generator driven by the air turbine is installed on the swaying water tower, and the air pressure in the air chamber above the water tower increases or decreases with the wave fluctuation. The one-way regulating valve controls the airflow to flow in one direction, and then the air turbine drives the generator to rotate to generate electricity. China is also actively developing wave power generation technology. BD 102 wave power generation device successfully developed by Guangzhou Energy Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences was well received by foreign businessmen at Guangdong Economic and Trade Exhibition held in Hong Kong in 1986+ 10. Hongkong China Shipping Company offered to represent the export of this product, and signed a letter of intent for this purpose. In May, it was exhibited at the Guangzhou Export Commodities Fair in the spring of 1986, and foreign companies requested orders. This is the first wave automatic power generation device exhibited in China, which will make this new scientific research achievement enter the national standard market.
BD 102 wave energy automatic generator is a new wave energy generator with renewable ocean energy as energy source. It is an improved version of BD 10 1 and passed the appraisal in March 1985. It is installed on a buoy with a central pipeline. Using the up-and-down movement of the buoy, the air chamber of the central pipe sucks in and exhausts air, which converts wave energy into air kinetic energy, thus driving the turbine to drive the generator to generate electricity. The generated energy can be used not only as the power supply of marine beacon lights, but also as the long-term power supply of marine hydrometeorological automatic telemetry buoys.
The overall dimension of this product is only 342× 500mm, and its weight is16.5kg. It is small, light and corrosion-resistant.
Its power generation is 5 ~ 7 times that of navigation lights, and the light range is more than five nautical miles. Compared with the batteries used in domestic navigation AIDS at present, it can save 57% of the cost and extend the overhaul period of navigation AIDS by one year.
At the same time, in terms of generator power, electrical characteristics and structure, it is superior to the Japanese commercial product TG 103 at that time, and the price is three quarters cheaper than it.