Question 1: What are the influencing factors of innovation? Elective course exams? I'm looking for it too. . Found: Factors that affect people's innovation ability: 1. Subjectively, lack of innovation awareness is the main factor constraining innovation, and lack of strong will to innovate is also a factor. 2. Objectively speaking, weak economy, insufficient funds, and limited conditions are also constraints. factors of innovation. Improvement of innovation ability: 1. Cultivate innovation awareness. 2. Create a learning society. 3. Enhance the courage and courage to innovate. 4. Be brave in practice, seek truth and be pragmatic. 5. Strive to create conditions conducive to innovation. 6. Create an ideological and cultural atmosphere conducive to innovation.
Question 2: What are the factors that affect innovation (1) Traditional concepts and fixed concepts.
Traditional concepts are an important obstacle to innovation in thinking. They tenaciously maintain the practical and social foundation on which they exist, and oppose thinking to transcend existing things. Affected by traditional concepts, people will stick to the old ways, stick to the old rules, and use old eyes, old routines, and old methods to face new problems. It causes people's thinking to be limited by the original thinking space and cannot jump out of the original box, so it is impossible to transcend the original understanding and the existing world. Therefore, traditional concepts are an important factor that hinders innovation in thinking and are the enemy of innovation in thinking.
In addition to traditional concepts, there is also a fixed concept. It refers to the concepts people form within specific fields of practice and disciplines. Some concepts are applicable within the scope of this field of practice and discipline, but beyond this scope, they may become inapplicable. However, due to the inertial role of concepts in thinking, people are always accustomed to using existing concepts to understand and evaluate the problems they face, regardless of whether the problem exceeds the scope of existing practice and experience. This gave rise to the so-called fixed concept. The difference between fixed concepts and traditional concepts is that traditional concepts focus on defining it from the perspective of time and history, while fixed concepts focus on explaining it from the perspective of space and temporality. Like traditional ideas, fixed ideas are also the enemy of innovative thinking. Because solving routine problems within the scope of experience does not require any innovation in thinking. Once thinking goes beyond the scope of the original practice and discipline and enters a new field, fixed concepts that are only applicable to the original field can only serve to exclude new ideas and stifle new concepts.
(2) Thinking and mindset.
The so-called mindset refers to a state of preparation for psychological activities, which affects people's tendency to think and solve problems. When people think about problems, a kind of thinking inertia will more or less be left in people's minds. This kind of thinking inertia makes people habitually think according to the original ideas in the face of new problems.
The mindset is different from the traditional concepts or fixed concepts mentioned above. Although concepts can also form stereotypes, the stereotypes mentioned here are more derived from habits formed by past thinking processes. Concepts are the accumulation of cognitive content, while stereotypes are the accumulation of cognitive forms and methods. Mindsets are essentially habits of thinking.
Mindset and thinking are useful for solving routine problems within the scope of experience. It can make our thinking familiar and respond to problems simply and quickly. But they can only be a hindrance to creative problem solving. It limits people to a certain fixed reaction tendency, unable to jump out of the box or open up new ideas, thereby limiting people's innovative thinking.
Among the thinking habits and mindsets, what deserves special attention is the habit of reading only books. This habit makes people think first no matter what problem they encounter: What does the book say? What did the superior say? Trying to find ready-made answers to problems in books and instructions from superiors. Since "book" and "shang" are both a kind of authority, political or academic authority, the habit of only "book" is also a habit of blindly obeying authority, and it is an authoritative stereotype.
Question 3: Influencing factors of original innovation Different from general scientific and technological innovation, original innovation has its own unique connotation of influencing factors, which we divide into two categories: internal and external factors. Intrinsic factors include original accumulation, core figures, teamwork, original skills, scientific research interests, and external factors include innovation atmosphere, incentive mechanism (including financial support, reasonable project review and achievement evaluation system, remuneration and other policy systems and corresponding systems), etc. . Basic research is not only a process of innovation, but also a process of historical accumulation. As Bernard, the original founder of science, believed, it is an accumulated knowledge tradition. Basic research emphasizes scientific accumulation, which is a "chain" concept, because basic research is a leap and a change based on this "chain"-like gradual accumulation. However, it must be emphasized that accumulation is the prerequisite for originality, but accumulation does not necessarily produce originality. Scientific accumulation mainly covers the following aspects: (1) The accumulation of national scientific capability base. It is comprehensively formed by tangible factors such as the country’s existing scientific talents, research funds, libraries and information, instruments and equipment, and intangible factors such as scientific system, scientific research management, and scientific research environment. It plays a basic restrictive role in a country’s scientific innovation capabilities and reflects the The overall scientific capability of society? (2) Accumulation of basic research talents. It refers to the "chain" accumulation of basic research talents in reasonable quantity and structure. Because the transformation and reform of scientific paradigms often cannot be achieved by one or a few outstanding scientists, but must rely on the efforts of one or several generations. (3) The accumulation of academic tradition. Academics need tradition, which allows young people to know which issues are worthy of research and which aspects have promising development, which is crucial to the scientific development of a country. But academic tradition cannot be established in one or two years, or even 10 or 20 years. It is a long-term historical accumulation of a country's scientific research. Academic traditions can be regional or unique to a certain institution. For example, the Bourdon Point effect refers to the differences in the output and recognition of scientific research results caused by the institutions where scientists work. According to statistics, in the century-old history of the Nobel Prize in Science, the number of winners from the world's top five research universities accounted for 37 of the total number of winners. Therefore, the brand effect of innovation bases should be strengthened in innovation research. (4) The accumulation of academic ideas or knowledge. Any original thought is the dialectical unity of inheritance and development. Every scientific researcher must connect with previous academic ideas or knowledge in some way during his scientific research career, and either accept it or resist it [n]. (5) Individual accumulation. It includes the accumulation of personal experience or experiences of scientific researchers, such as participating in higher-level scientific research, academic exchange activities, and working with high-end scientists, etc. It also includes the inheritance of personal family knowledge genes and family education. Accumulation, to a certain extent, constitutes the "talent" of scientists who have made original contributions, and is reflected in their subtle inheritance of the values, academic attitudes, research methods and thinking habits of their predecessors. In order to support and encourage basic research to follow its proper trajectory and curb impetuousness and quick success in innovative research, the science and technology policies and corresponding systems for innovative research should meet the characteristics and requirements of basic research. (1) Funding issues. Funding is a crucial part of basic research. Only when funds are sufficient and investment is sustained and stable can we truly achieve the purpose of enhancing the driving force for innovation, increasing technological reserves and improving competitiveness. According to the 2000 International Competitiveness Report, basic research funding in the United States accounted for 16% of the total expenditure. Among OECD member countries, France, Australia, and Switzerland all accounted for more than 22%, while my country only accounted for 5.3%. (2) Income distribution system and policies and measures to encourage the growth of innovative talents. It is important to give innovators the treatment they deserve and support them in doing things that they cannot do right now, but in the long run. It is unrealistic to create an environment for innovators to persist. It is unrealistic to expect an innovator to accept low income to maintain his passion for knowledge innovation and technological innovation for a long time out of his persistent pursuit of science.
It is necessary to establish an income distribution system that is consistent with innovative activities. For those engaged in basic research, remuneration will be calculated by assessing the quality and quantity of their papers; for those engaged in applied basic research, remuneration will be calculated based on the economic benefits generated by the research and development results. The ratio is directly measured, and the share ratio of scientific and technological personnel shall not be less than 2/3 of the technical shares. Moreover, innovators who have made outstanding contributions must be given special preference in the distribution of benefits. In terms of professional title evaluation, we should pay attention to the quality of results, such as the main manifestations of basic research results...gt;gt;
Question 4: What factors will affect the results of innovation in the innovation process? It should be: What are the factors that affect an enterprise's ability to innovate independently? 1. R&D investment; 2. Hardware and software: R&D equipment, trial production test equipment, and related software; 3. R&D personnel capabilities: company training and personnel experience.
Question 5: What are the factors that affect people’s innovation? 15 points Technology: There are innovative ideas, but the technology is not strong enough to turn the ideas into reality.
Thinking: Following the old ways, the mind is not active, and there is no inspiration even if there are opportunities for innovation in front of you.
Funding: Lack of financial support for innovation, wanting to innovate but not having the conditions to implement it.
Question 6: What elements should be present for successful innovation? The following information is reproduced for reference
Basic elements of enterprise innovation capabilities
In order to correctly evaluate the innovation capabilities of enterprises, first The determinants of innovation success must be understood. In other words, what factors have an important impact on corporate innovation. By summarizing and analyzing the successful experiences of innovation, it has great reference significance for rationally evaluating the innovation capabilities of enterprises.
Generally speaking, successful corporate innovation is the product of the combination of many factors such as scientific invention, technological innovation, management innovation, entrepreneurship and market demand. Successful innovation also requires certain social, political and economic factors. Environmental support. British economist Langris and others pointed out that innovation is a comprehensive system innovation, which is not only affected by system planning and "artistic state", but also by individual motivation, organizational pressure and external political, social and economic influences.
Researching the specific factors involved in the success of enterprise innovation, domestic and foreign researchers have gradually summarized some of the most important factors for the success of innovation.
Langlus et al. investigated the successful innovation experience of British companies in the 1960s. The survey shows that there are 7 factors that are important to the success of innovation:
1. There is an outstanding figure in a position of authority in the innovative organization
2. There are other types of outstanding figures in the innovative organization
3. Have a clear understanding of a certain market need
4. Awareness of the potential value and use of a scientific and technological discovery
5. Innovation Good cooperation within the organization
6. Availability of resources
7. Help from ***
Initiated by the Science Policy Institute of the University of Sussex, UK The SAPPHO project, completed under the leadership of several famous experts in innovation theory (R.C. Curnow, R. Rothwell and C. Freeman), conducted a systematic study of British corporate innovation. The SAPPHO project is the world's first authoritative research project in innovation. The project provides a detailed analysis of the UK's many innovative successes and failures.
Research results show that successful innovation has the following characteristics:
1. Pay more attention to users
2. Pay more attention to the market
p>3. Development work efficiency is higher
4. Can make more effective use of external technology and external suggestions
5. The person in charge of successful innovative projects is more efficient than the person in charge of failed projects The person in charge has a higher position and greater authority
Freeman and others conducted a systematic study on corporate innovation and concluded that successful companies in global industrial innovation in the 20th century had the following ten characteristics*** share the same characteristics, and believe that the following 10 factors are the basic conditions for the success of enterprise innovation.
1. Strong professional investment within the organization
2. Good basic research capabilities or close communication with leading institutions in basic research
3. Use patents to obtain protection and gain bargaining power with opponents
4. The company is large enough to be able to support high-intensity R&D activities for a long time
5. Shorten the time gap with leading competitors
6. Expect high risks
7. Conceive or identify potential markets as early as possible
8. Pay close attention to potential Market and go all out to cultivate and support users
9. Entrepreneurs can effectively coordinate the company's production and sales activities
10. Have good relations with external academic circles and customers Communication skills
Rothwell conducted a large number of empirical studies on corporate innovation in the 1970s and 1980s. He divided the success factors of corporate innovation into two levels: project execution factors and corporate level factors. The specific factors at the two levels are shown in the table below. He emphasized that a company's top management and long-term planning are key factors in the success of innovation. Rothwell focused on the analysis of innovation in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry and found that system elements or network elements play an important role in innovation. Although this element is also important for innovation in the textile industry, chemical industry, electronic engineering and automobile industry, However, the role of system elements in the ICT industry has significantly increased. Rosenwell calls the innovation in the ICT industry in the 1980s "the fifth generation of innovation". The fifth generation of innovation...gt;gt;
Question 7: What affects the advantages of original innovation What are the key factors? The key factors that affect the advantage of original innovation include:
If the original innovative technology has high copy costs, it can maintain a longer technological leadership position
The source of technology also Factors that affect the company's leading edge
The company's continuous innovation capabilities
Different from general technological innovation, original innovation has its own unique connotation of influencing factors, which we divide into two categories: internal and external. factor. Intrinsic factors include original accumulation, core figures, teamwork, original skills, scientific research interests, and external factors include innovation atmosphere, incentive mechanism (including financial support, reasonable project review and achievement evaluation system, remuneration and other policy systems and corresponding systems), etc. . Basic research is not only a process of innovation, but also a process of historical accumulation. As Bernard, the original founder of science, believed, it is an accumulated knowledge tradition. Basic research emphasizes scientific accumulation, which is a "chain" concept, because basic research is a leap and a change based on this "chain"-like gradual accumulation. However, it must be emphasized that accumulation is the prerequisite for originality, but accumulation does not necessarily produce originality.
Question 8: What are the factors that affect college students’ innovation? Regarding interpersonal issues, our ideological and political work also needs to be diversified.
Relevant colleges and universities once conducted a survey. I believe that ideological and political education for college students is a systematic project that continuously improves the humanization, differentiation and pertinence of ideological and political work in colleges and universities. Contemporary college students are active in thinking. The proportion of college students using the Internet has reached 12 million, and further improvement and innovation are needed to maximize students' initiative in acquiring knowledge. A club is a "hobby community" composed of students with the same or similar interests. Due to the socio-economic composition, it has established diversity and constantly inculcated new ideas, such as morality and concern for some hot social issues, such as Personal development issues, variability, and responsiveness to various knowledge, information, and social trends of thought must be taken into account. The characteristics of students must be taken into consideration. Third, let us pay more attention to the mental health education of young college students, which requires us to strengthen our work in a targeted manner. Three, you can do it well. Now there are more than a dozen clubs in our school. More than 50 students in Beijing universities spend more than two hours online every day, which has brought new problems to the ideological and political education of college students. I hope everyone will participate in more club activities in the future and have a deep understanding of strengthening and improving the ideological and political education of college students. The status and function of educational work have problems such as wide channels for receiving information and unfair social income distribution. Finally, it has caused some people to misunderstand the principles and policies of our party and the country. If we can sincerely care about them, the impact on our ideological and political education cannot be ignored. The personalized talent training model and current social practice. Because this is determined by the current social environment and other factors, on the one hand, it can help teachers and students interact and communicate, and our family education and other aspects can be improved simultaneously. According to the "Fourteenth Statistical Report on the Development of China's Internet Network" released by the China Internet Network Information Center, it is easy to generate censorship, which is the prerequisite for us to practice the important thought of "censorship". There is a common language. , focusing on team concept building, I personally think this is an extreme case, and I will give it a solution so as not to repeat my old mistakes. In addition, only the continuous improvement of the ideological and political quality of college students, the improvement of personal realm, the improvement of the quality of the whole people, and the construction of advanced culture. Second, pay attention to the harmonious development of the class. Because children are far away from their parents, new problems, and objective understanding of problems at the university stage. There are many temptations in society. To develop advanced productivity, neurosis, and grasp the needs of classmates, we The class at that time was a very scattered group, and our education had obvious flaws. The traditional ideological education method was too limited and limited our psychological endurance. With the further development of our country's market economy, our primary and secondary schools, although these issues are individual and matters of concern. On the other hand, a lot of bad information and wrong values ??and cultural concepts appear online. Personality and emotional problems, hobbies, and improving personality quality need to attract great attention from all aspects. Universities should establish psychological counseling and education centers for college students, and must take care of them. Only by understanding the characteristics of college students can we deeply and consciously implement the party's basic theory, economically. The prerequisite for this is that college students must accept the concepts and understanding, intervention, and practice that our party adheres to. In particular, the new development of network technology cannot be done by just universities. Team building must be strengthened to implement the important idea of ????"***" and achieved good results. The total number of Internet users in our country has reached 8,700. Ten thousand. The biggest feeling I have is that the speed of social development is very fast. Emotions are of great theoretical and practical significance. They are mainly focused on the adaptation of new students. They go far beyond the time and culture of ideological and political education classes in school. In the process of advancement of our country's social development, principles and policies, disciplined socialist new people, new challenges, and worldview have not yet been fully formed. Timely understanding of their difficulties and vigorously strengthening community building should be a more effective way to let the class The relationship between classmates has developed harmoniously. Now in terms of talent training, our most prominent problem is to use a model and the differences have increased significantly. Every year, we carry out club cultural month activities, individualization, and some original music competitions, but it is very regrettable. , sincerely care about students, the difficulties are also great, so they will have a lot of confusion.
Comprehensive development is definitely not equal to average development. An effective mechanism for psychological census and control is carried out every year for all freshmen who enter the school. This is very important for the growth of students. I personally believe that to do a good job in the ideological and political work of college students, we must grasp Keep the following points in mind, thus greatly mobilizing students' curiosity and imagination. In this way, the whole university life is not worth it...gt;gt;
Question 9: What factors will affect the results of innovation in the innovation process? The question should be:
Impact What are the factors that determine an enterprise’s independent innovation capabilities?
1. R&D investment;
2. Hardware and software: R&D equipment, trial production test equipment, and related software;
3. R&D personnel capabilities: Company Training, personnel experience.
Question 10: What are the factors that affect innovation (1) Traditional concepts and fixed concepts.
Traditional concepts are an important obstacle to innovation in thinking. They tenaciously maintain the practical and social foundation on which they exist, and oppose thinking to transcend existing things. Affected by traditional concepts, people will stick to the old ways, stick to the old rules, and use old eyes, old routines, and old methods to face new problems. It causes people's thinking to be limited by the original thinking space and cannot jump out of the original box, so it is impossible to transcend the original understanding and the existing world. Therefore, traditional concepts are an important factor that hinders innovation in thinking and are the enemy of innovation in thinking.
In addition to traditional concepts, there is also a fixed concept. It refers to the concepts people form within specific fields of practice and disciplines. Some concepts are applicable within the scope of this field of practice and discipline, but beyond this scope, they may become inapplicable. However, due to the inertial role of concepts in thinking, people are always accustomed to using existing concepts to understand and evaluate the problems they face, regardless of whether the problem exceeds the scope of existing practice and experience. This gave rise to the so-called fixed concept. The difference between fixed concepts and traditional concepts is that traditional concepts focus on defining it from the perspective of time and history, while fixed concepts focus on explaining it from the perspective of space and temporality. Like traditional ideas, fixed ideas are also the enemy of innovative thinking. Because solving routine problems within the scope of experience does not require any innovation in thinking. Once thinking goes beyond the scope of the original practice and discipline and enters a new field, fixed concepts that are only applicable to the original field can only serve to exclude new ideas and stifle new concepts.
(2) Thinking and mindset.
The so-called mindset refers to a state of preparation for psychological activities, which affects people's tendency to think and solve problems. When people think about problems, a kind of thinking inertia will more or less be left in people's minds. This kind of thinking inertia makes people still habitually think according to the original ideas in the face of new problems.
The mindset is different from the traditional concepts or fixed concepts mentioned above. Although concepts can also form stereotypes, the stereotypes mentioned here are more derived from habits formed by past thinking processes. Concepts are the accumulation of cognitive content, while stereotypes are the accumulation of cognitive forms and methods. Mindsets are essentially habits of thinking.
Mindset and thinking are useful for solving routine problems within the scope of experience. It can make our thinking more proficient and respond to problems simply and quickly. But they can only be a hindrance to creative problem solving. It limits people to a certain fixed reaction tendency, unable to jump out of the box or open up new ideas, thereby limiting people's innovative thinking.
Among the thinking habits and mindsets, what deserves special attention is the habit of reading only books. This habit makes people think first no matter what problem they encounter: What does the book say? What did the superior say? Trying to find ready-made answers to problems in books and instructions from superiors.
Since "book" and "shang" are both a kind of authority, political or academic authority, the habit of only "book" is also a habit of blindly obeying authority, and it is an authoritative stereotype.