Qin terracotta warriors and horses shocked the world and first publicized their outstanding artistic achievements. Thousands of large-scale ceramic sculptures are arranged in a space of nearly 20,000 square meters as a whole, and their majestic momentum makes almost all visitors of different colors have a strong tremor from the bottom of their hearts, which reflects the artist's grasp of the grand artistic theme, the pursuit of overall charm and the outstanding ability of artistic creation. There are thousands of terracotta warriors and horses in Qin dynasty, and the characterization that comes to the fore shows the author's artistic accomplishment and achievements from the aspects of body grasp, verve treatment, color application and detail description. The realistic style of the works not only left us a superb model of ancient art, but also left many precious historical records about that era. Serious and unified military themes can be handled so vividly and have such a shocking artistic charm that people have to look at the special laws in the development of ancient art in China from a new perspective and re-explore and frame the development history of ancient plastic arts in China.
The excavation of terracotta warriors and horses pits in Qin dynasty also greatly rewrote people's understanding of the scientific and technological level of Qin dynasty, and vividly demonstrated the development level of productive forces in Qin dynasty with a large number of empirical materials. As far as the history of science and technology is concerned, many materials found in the terracotta warriors and horses pit shocked the world. For example, 1, the cultural relics unearthed from the pit of Qin figurines show that the metallurgy and metalworking technology in Qin Dynasty were much higher than our previous estimates, among which the widely used chrome-plated bronze rust prevention technology was the most representative example, which was a very mature technology at that time, and most of the weapons unearthed from Qin figurines were coated with this protective layer. This stunt seems to have been lost from the Han Dynasty. In sharp contrast, more than 2000 years later, in 1937, modern chromium plating technology was born in Germany and went down in history as a patent invention. 2. The weapons unearthed from the pit of Qin figurines clearly prove that the concept of "the same thing is small, the same thing is big, and the same thing is short" in Qin bamboo slips is a standardized concept, and Qin people have made amazing achievements in standardization practice. This standardization is not only the representative of the development of management art in Qin dynasty, but also the symbol of the scientific and technological level in Qin dynasty. The bronze crossbow machine made by Qin people is precise and standardized, and the instruments with the same specifications are completely interchangeable. Many special processing technologies, such as the generation of decorative patterns on bronze beryllium ridges and the drilling and engraving technology of tiny metal holes, are also amazing, and some technologies are still mysterious. Because the ancient rulers tended to attach importance to politics, ethics, personnel and technology, the records of science and technology in history books were often short and incomplete, and the scientific and technological materials in Qin Dynasty were rare. Because of this, the historical and cultural value of Qin figurine archaeology is even more important.
The military content displayed by thousands of terracotta warriors and horses in the pit is undoubtedly one of the most important and vivid materials in the study of military history, and many materials enable people to further understand the ancient military field. For example, there are valuable information about the composition, combination, organization, weapons, weapon configuration and armored protective equipment, military organizational structure and command system, and even the source of military soldiers. The formation of the crossbowman in the No.2 pit, the formation and coordination of cavalry and light chariots are all unknown or unknown important materials before, and compared with Sun Bin's exposition on the principle of coordination of vehicles, steps and riding in Sun Tzu's Art of War, it is extremely impressive. In ancient military works, the principle of mixing long and short weapons and saving each other is also intuitive in the weapon configuration of Qin figurine pits, and it also has its research value in military science. No wonder some people call the Three Pits of Terracotta Warriors and Horses a rich military museum of the Qin Dynasty.
History itself endows the Terracotta Warriors with various historical and cultural values. The historical levels reflected by Qin terracotta warriors are many and wide, and they have unique cognitive value in the history of architecture, clothing, system, especially in the history of tomb system. Even the height, physique, costume bun and lettering, as well as the tools of production and traces of labor left by Qin people in the cave, can reflect the true image of social life in Qin Dynasty from different aspects, reflect the cultural characteristics of an era and reflect the historical essence of Qin's rise and fall.
The exquisiteness and richness of the cultural relics unearthed in the pit of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a direct witness to the material achievements of that era represented by cultural relics. It makes people re-understand and re-evaluate that era, and also puts forward many historical topics worthy of discussion, such as re-understanding of imperial power, cultural characteristics of the Qin Dynasty, and Qin's position in the historical development of China. Related to this, the historical evaluation of Qin Shihuang has once again become a topic of concern. The level of science and technology and productivity reflected by the cultural relics unearthed from the pit of Qin figurines reflect the positive role played by Qin Shihuang to a certain extent, and also confirm Qin's rule, which is mentioned in the history books. The archaeology of Qin figurines is still going on, and I believe that with the progress of archaeology, the research on these issues will continue to deepen.
Zhang Zhongli Guangming Daily