Rabies virus is widely prevalent in dogs, cats, pigs, cows, horses, wolves, foxes and bats. Don't be careless when you are bitten by these animals in your daily life.
Dogs, cats and other seemingly healthy animals may also carry rabies virus in their saliva. If people make out with them or get bitten or scratched by them, they will get infected with the virus. So it's best not to kiss cats and dogs. Stray cats and dogs on the street are more susceptible to rabies virus. Domestic pets had better go to the hospital for vaccination.
Extended data
Rabies is an acute infectious disease caused by rabies virus, which can be zoonotic, also known as hydrophobia and mad dog disease. Rabies virus mainly spreads among animals.
The disease is mainly infected by rabies virus in saliva carried by animals when they bite. Once rabies occurs, it progresses very quickly, mostly within 3-5 days, rarely exceeding 10 days, and the mortality rate is 100%.
First, if you are bitten by rabies, you will definitely get rabies.
Not necessarily. According to statistics, some scholars found that they were bitten by real rabies or other crazy animals and did not take any preventive measures. As a result, only 30%-70% people get sick.
There are many factors that affect the onset of rabies after being bitten:
1, depending on the number of rabies virus entering the human body. If a mad dog bites people in the early stage of the disease, its saliva carries less rabies virus than in the late stage;
2. Whether the bite is serious also affects whether the bitten person is sick. A deep bite in a large area is more likely to get sick than a shallow wound in a small wound;
3. Multi-site bites are also more likely to occur than single-site bites, and the incubation period is shorter.
4. Treating the wound correctly and timely after being bitten is the first line of defense for rabies. If the wound is treated correctly in time and after anti-rabies exposure, the risk of the disease can be greatly reduced.
5. Mucosal infection is more difficult to get sick than biting skin infection, and more cases are depressive rabies.
6. The incidence and mortality of wild animals biting the head, face, neck and other parts close to the central nervous system or parts rich in peripheral nerves are higher than those biting limbs.
7. People with low resistance are more likely to get sick than those with strong resistance.
Second, after being bitten by a dog, the wound is treated
1, immediately after being bitten, squeeze the wound with venom to drain the dirty blood or use cupping to remove the poison, but never suck the dirty blood from the wound with your mouth.
2. Wash thoroughly with 20% soapy water or 1% bromogeramine, then wash with clean water, and then use 2%-3% iodine or 75% alcohol for local disinfection.
3. In principle, local wounds should not be stitched, bandaged, coated with ointment or powder, so as to facilitate wound detoxification. If the head and face are injured, or the wound is large and deep, and it is necessary to suture and bind up the large blood vessels, they should be sutured after antiserum treatment without hindering drainage and ensuring adequate washing and disinfection.
4. Anti-infection treatments such as tetanus antitoxin can be used at the same time to control other infections except rabies, but the injection site should be staggered with the injection site of anti-rabies virus serum and rabies vaccine.
Third, the symptoms after rabies.
After a person is bitten by an animal infected with rabies virus, the incubation period is asymptomatic and gradual. Clinical symptoms rarely appear within 20 days, and most cases do not appear until 30 days or even 4-6 months later.
In the early stage of rabies, patients often have low fever, headache, general weakness, nausea, irritability, anxiety and other symptoms. Then, the patient becomes extremely sensitive to stimuli such as sound, light or wind, and immediately feels a tight throat when slightly stimulated. Around the wounds bitten by sick animals, there is also an abnormal tingling feeling, and ants seem to be crawling on their hands, feet and limbs.
After two or three days, the illness entered an exciting period. The patient is in a state of high excitement. Outstanding performance is extreme terror, fear of water, wind, sound, light, wind and so on. The muscles of the throat will have a severe spasm.
Although the patient is very thirsty, he dare not drink water, and he can't swallow it after drinking water. Even when he hears the sound of running water or when others talk about water, his throat will spasm. In severe cases, the patient will twitch painfully all over the body, resulting in difficulty breathing. Most rabies patients are conscious; But some patients are insane and gibberish.
After about two or three days of excitement, the patient became quiet, but then he was paralyzed, his respiratory and blood circulation systems failed, and he soon fell into a coma. Ten hours later, he will die. The course of rabies generally does not exceed 6 days.
Rabies is one of the unique symptoms of most manic rabies. Rabies has never been seen in other diseases, so it is very symptomatic.
Four, rabies vaccine must be effective within 24 hours after being bitten by rabies or suspected rabies vaccination.
In principle, the earlier the rabies vaccine is injected, the better the effect. However, if the vaccine is injected for more than 24 hours, the vaccine can be effective as long as people are not sick before the vaccine takes effect, that is, before the vaccine stimulates the body to generate enough immunity.
For those who have not been vaccinated against rabies for several days and months due to various reasons, as long as they can get the vaccine, they should be given supplementary injections as soon as possible, just like those who have just been exposed, so that the vaccine can play a role before the onset. At this time, the inoculation dose of the first needle or the first two needles should be doubled.
5. How can I prove the effectiveness of my vaccination?
If you want to know whether the vaccinated vaccine is effective, you can check the serum anti-rabies antibody level about half a month after the whole vaccination. If the serum anti-rabies virus antibody is negative, 2-3 injections can be strengthened to make the antibody positive.
When seroconversion does not occur, it is best to determine the cellular immune index. Generally speaking, rabies vaccine is inoculated with qualified rabies vaccine in the whole process (5 shots), especially after using serum for more than half a month, rabies vaccine immunization failure probability is extremely small, that is to say, rabies will not happen again.
Six, rabies vaccine has contraindications.
Considering that rabies is a fatal disease and there are no contraindications for high-risk exposed people, they should be vaccinated immediately. In the case of low risk of rabies, if you have a cold and fever, you can be vaccinated immediately after your body temperature drops. People with a history of severe allergic reactions should prepare emergency drugs such as adrenaline when vaccinated.
Patients who have used steroids and antimalarial drugs should increase the vaccine dose and determine the neutralizing antibody titer half a month after the last vaccination, and then take further measures according to the situation. Patients who have also been injected with immunosuppressive drugs for the treatment of other diseases should also check neutralizing antibodies to prove whether the vaccine has sufficient immune efficacy. You are vaccinated against another disease, and you can still get rabies vaccine, but you need to stagger the vaccination site.
References:
People's Republic of China (PRC) and China Central People's Government-Experts warn that being bitten by a cat may also lead to rabies.