Top-driven drilling device is a high-tech and complex electromechanical and hydraulic integrated equipment among drilling equipment, which has become an important configuration of modern drilling rigs and one of the three major drilling equipment in 2 1 century. Only a few countries in the world have this technology. Top-driven drilling device is a new type of oil drilling equipment to replace rotary table drilling. Different from the traditional rotary drilling method, the top drive device can drill one column at a time, and the breaking time is reduced by two thirds. When tripping is blocked and stuck, the drilling tool can be connected quickly, and it can rotate and circulate at the same time, so as to reverse reaming, which can greatly reduce the sticking accident.
1.2. 1 foreign top drive drilling system
1.2. 1. 1 Varco company, American national oil well
Varco Company of the United States is one of the earliest companies to develop top drives, and has successively developed 10 kinds of top drives. At present, the top drive produced by the company ranks first in the world oil fields. Among them, the top drives of IDS- 1 (load 5000kN), TDS-4H (load 6500kN), TDS-4S (load 7500kN) and TDS-6S (load 7500kN) adopt AC-SCR-DC electric drive, series excitation or parallel excitation DC motor. TDS-8SA (load 6500kN), TDS-9SA (load 4000kN), TDS- 10SA (load 2500kN) and TDS-1SA (load 5000kN) are all driven by AC variable frequency motors. TDS-9SA and TDS- 1 1SA/SE top drives are driven by two AC asynchronous motors, and other top drives are driven by one motor. TDS- 1 1SA top drive belongs to the latest model of Varco company, and its notable features are: small size, light weight, convenient relocation and time-saving installation (Varco top drive installation is the most time-saving among top drive equipment); Because the hydraulic system is completely installed in the top drive body, the pressure loss is small and the system moves quickly; The frequency conversion system provided by Siemens has stable performance, mature technology and relatively low failure rate. Therefore, Varco's TDS- 1 1SA and TDS-9S top drives have a high market share, especially in the land drilling market. The disadvantage is that the hydraulic system is completely located on the top drive body, so it is difficult to check and solve the faults of the hydraulic system (Li Chuanhua et al., 2005).
American National Oil Well Company originally produced three types of top drives: PS-350/500, PS-500/650 and PS500/650 (two-speed). In recent two years, PSZ-650/650 (load 6500kN) and PSZ-750 (load 6500kN) two-speed transmission mechanism top drives have been developed, and PS-500/650 top drives have been improved to PS-500/500 (load 5000kN). The PS-500/650 (two-speed) top drive was changed to PSZ-500/500 (5000kN) top drive, and the PS-350/500 (3500kN) top drive was retained, forming a new series of top drives with five specifications.
1.2. 1.2 Boven Company, USA
Boven Company of the United States currently has three models (TD- 120P, TD-250HTP and TD-350P) of ES-7 and small and medium-sized series top drives. This series of top drives can be used for drilling and workover, which is convenient to use.
1.2. 1.3 American BJ company
American BJ Company has developed AC-SCR-DC electric drive top drive with rated lifting capacity of 5000kN.
1.2. 1.4 Tesco Canada
Tesco Company of Canada originally produced three kinds of hydraulic top drives, namely 150MHI, 500HS and 500HC. By 1998,1October 65438+1October * * more than 50 sets of/kloc-0 were produced. Because the electric top drive has better drilling performance and adaptability, Tesco began to produce AC variable frequency electric top drive from 1996, using PA44 permanent magnet synchronous motor of Kaman company in the United States. At present, the hydraulic drive and electric drive top drives produced by Tesco basically form 150HMI (load 1500kN), 500HC/HCI (load 5000kN), 650HC/HCI (load 6500kN), 500ECI (load 5000kN) and 650.
1.2. 1.5 Canadian Canrig company
Canrig Company of Canada not only produces AC-SCR-DC electric drive top drive, but also produces AC variable frequency electric drive top drive. 6027E (load 2500kN), 8035E (load 5000kN), 1050E (load 7000kN) and 1 165E (load 9000kN) are all single-speed drives. There are also 6027E-2SP (load 2500kN), 6 170E-2SP-HELI (load 2500kN), 1050E-2SP (load 7000kN),165e-. In the summer of 1998, Canrig company developed the first AC variable frequency electric drive top drive with rated load of 6500kN, and basically formed five AC variable frequency electric drive top drive series with specifications of 1500, 2750, 5000, 6500 and 7500kN.
1.2. 1.6 Norwegian MH company
PTD-350 (load 3500kN), PTD-4 10 (load 4 100kN), PTD-500 (load 5000kN), DDMY650HY (load 6500kN) and DDM650HY (load 750hy) produced by Norway MH Company. Top drives with four specifications, namely DDM500DC (load 6500kN), DDML650L-DC (load 6500kN), DDM650DC (load 6500kN/7500kN) and DDM650DC (load 5000kN), are driven by AC-SCR-DC.
1.2. 1.7 French Acb company
French Acb company developed BRETFOR hydraulic top drive with rated static load of 5000kN.
1.2. 1.8 German BRR Company
German BRR Company has developed RB 130 (load 1700kN) and RB 135 (load 1700kN) series hydraulic top drives.
1.2.2 domestic top drive drilling system
At the end of 20th century, China began to develop top-drive drilling system. China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute and other units have successively developed DQ60D, DQ60PD driven top drive and DQ30Y hydraulic top drive. In 2003, China Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute cooperated with Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory to develop the first DQ70BS AC frequency conversion top drive drilling device in China, which represents the latest technical achievements and development direction of top drive in China.
1.2.2. 1 Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory
Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory has developed DQ30Y (load 1700kN), DQ40BC (load 2250kN), DQ50BC (load 3 150kN), DQ70BSC (load 4500kN, figure 1.4) and DQ90BSC (load 4,500kn). DQ30Y is the first hydraulic top drive developed in China. DQ70BSC and DQ90BSC (Table 1.9) are AC variable frequency top drives. Technical characteristics of AC variable frequency top drive;
1) the power faucet adopts imported AC motor and is driven by AC frequency conversion;
2) The power faucet device adopts imported thrust bearing and special structural design to resist the longitudinal vibration of drill string;
3) The tilting mechanism of the drill pipe handling device can tilt forward and backward or rotate 360 degrees, which is beneficial to grab the drill pipe during drilling, make the spindle closer to the drill floor and make full use of the drill string;
4) The pipe conveying device adopts side back tongs, and the back tongs rotate with the lifting rings;
5) The integrated control technology of machinery, electricity, liquid and information is adopted, which has a high degree of automation.
Figure 1.4 DQ70BSC top drive
Table 1.9 Main technical parameters of AC variable frequency top drive drilling device in Beijing Petroleum Machinery Plant
In mid-May, 2007, DQ 120BSC top drive (with a load of 9000kN) was listed as the National 863 Plan, and the top drive device of 65438+2 million m drilling rig (Table 1.9), a major scientific and technological project of China Petroleum, passed the design review of the expert group in Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory. This means that China's top drive technology will be upgraded again. The review experts believe that "the DQ 120BSC top drive design completed by Beijing Petroleum Machinery Factory fully considers the working conditions of the top drive, and its main performance indicators and overall design can meet the operating requirements of the 12000 m drilling rig. The drawings, processes and technical specifications are complete and meet the requirements of relevant standards, and it is agreed that the prototype will be put into trial production. "
1.2.2.2 Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Tianyi Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd.
Panjin Liaohe Oilfield Tianyi Petroleum Equipment Co., Ltd. produces DQ-40LHTY3 (load 2250kN), DQ-50LHTY 1 (load 3 150kN) and DQ-70LHT 1 (load 4500kN, figure 1.5). Performance characteristics: ① Electromechanical-hydraulic integrated control technology, the AC output parameters of the frequency converter are matched with the motor characteristics, and the PLC program can be designed according to the user's requirements, which has the functions of monitoring, alarm, self-diagnosis, protection and interlocking, and is more in line with drilling conditions. ② AC variable frequency motor realizes stepless speed regulation and adopts fully laminated hard winding structure, which has high transmission power and strong overload resistance. (3) Double load channels are adopted, that is, the reducer bearing is loaded during drilling and the rotary head bearing is loaded during tripping, which improves the service life of the bearing and spindle and the longitudinal vibration resistance of the drill string. (4) The rotary head only uses two oil paths to supply oil to the tilting cylinder, so as to realize the forward swing and the backward swing of the lifting ring, and each oil path is double sealed, so as to prevent leakage accidents and improve the reliability of equipment use; When tripping in and out, the rotary head is allowed to rotate with the drilling tool, which is convenient for accident handling. ⑤ Inserted inner sleeve structure is adopted, and the back clamp and IBOP cylinder do not rotate with the rotating head, so the structure is simple. ⑥ The patented inclined back pliers have large clamping torque and reliable clamping, and are convenient for replacing wearing parts such as protective joints and pliers teeth. ⑦ The main hydraulic pump can be turned off during drilling and orientation, which prolongs the service life of the pump. Even if the hydraulic system stops working, drilling, drilling and tripping can be carried out. ⑧ The integrated hydraulic system and oil tank are integrated on the top drive body, with low calorific value and convenient installation. Pet-name ruby patented new single guide rail adopts single pin and locking mechanism, which is simple and quick to install and disassemble.
Figure 1.5 DQ-70LHTY 1 top drive