First, Edison invented the phonograph.
Edison was a famous American scientist and inventor. Because he has many inventions 1000, such as electric light, phonograph, film and storage battery, people call him "the king of inventions" and "the magician".
Edison's greatest achievement was the invention of the electric light. However, among his inventions, nothing shocked the society at that time more than the phonograph. /kloc-in the autumn of 0/877, the phonograph invented by Edison caused a sensation throughout new york, and reporters from various newspapers flocked to report this unusual news. Once this invention came out, it aroused the rapid and huge fanaticism of the society for several months at that time. The railway specially opened a special car to visit. Many people began to disbelieve the invention and suspected that he had hidden something in it to deceive people. A bishop of a church recited a series of special terms in the Bible at the highest speed on the radio. When these terms are repeated word by word from the machine, people believe that this thing is really true, and they all marvel at it.
However, Edison's famous invention idea was promoted by happy accidents.
Once, Edison improved the telegraph with symbols printed on paper tape in a quiet laboratory alone. At this time, a monotonous voice in the telegram attracted him. When trying to eliminate this sound, Edison accidentally discovered that it was the sound made by the paper tape under the pressure of the small shaft. When the pressure on the small axis changes, the pitch changes. This gave him the idea of recording and recovering sound by moving channels with different depths on the carrier.
Coincidentally, when Edison tried the telephone again, he found that the diaphragm in the microphone vibrated with the sound. He found a needle, stood on the diaphragm, gently pressed the upper end with his hand, and then spoke to the diaphragm. Experiments show that the higher the sound, the faster the vibration; When the sound is low, the vibration slows down. This discovery strengthened his determination to invent the phonograph.
A few days later, Edison drew a sketch and immediately began to work with his assistant. The main part of the phonograph is a metal cylinder, the edge of which is engraved with spiral grooves. It is pressed on a long shaft with a crank at one end. When the crank is shaken, the cylinder will rotate accordingly. In addition, there are two small metal tubes. One end of the metal tube is equipped with a membrane plate, and the center of the membrane plate has a blunt needle tip. After numerous transformations, the world's first phonograph was born. Edison recalled: "I said a word loudly and the machine played my voice back." I have never been so surprised in my life. "
Edison changed the phonograph again and again at the beginning of his invention. Ten years later, he removed the phonograph from the dust on the shelf. In order to continue to improve it, he applied for more than 100 invention patents on the phonograph alone. He is deaf, and it is amazing that he can invent such a machine that can make sound. When we see the phonograph of this era, don't forget that it is permeated with Edison's countless efforts. In fact, for more than a century, the great wave of politeness and invention caused by the phonograph has had a far-reaching impact.
Second, the story of Watt inventing the steam engine.
One summer morning, the weather was fine, and the thrush was singing a sweet song in the tree. On the campus of Glasgow University in England, there is a man walking. He walked slowly up and down on the green lawn. He sometimes looked at the vast sky, sometimes looked at the playground of Tiger Beach, and sometimes frowned. Suddenly, a smile appeared on his face and his mood was suddenly enlightened. He came up with an effective solution to the steam engine. He ran happily, his feet flying fast. At this moment, he appeared on the operating platform that accompanied him for many years. He is Watt, the inventor of the steam engine.
With the development of intellectual education, Watt became interested in some objective things, and he became curious and delved into them. This laid a good foundation for his later invention of the steam engine.
In Watt's hometown of Greenock, every family makes a fire to boil water and cook. Who cares about such a common thing? Watt left his heart. Yes, he is watching his grandmother cooking in the kitchen. There is a pot of boiling water on the stove. The boiling water is boiling. The lid of the pot smacked and kept jumping up. "After a long time of observation, watt was very surprised. He couldn't figure out why, so he asked grandma what she said to make the lid jump.
Grandma replied, "The water is boiling, that's all."
Watt asked discontentedly, "Why does the water jump as soon as the lid is opened?" ? Is something pushing it? "
Maybe my grandmother was too busy to answer him correctly, so she said impatiently, "I don't understand." What is the significance of children asking these questions? "
Instead of finding the answer with grandma, Watt was unfairly criticized. He was very uncomfortable, but he didn't lose heart.
For several days in a row, whenever cooking, he squatted by the fire and observed carefully. At first, the lid was very stable. After a while, the water will boil and make a loud noise. On the ground, the steam in the pot came out and pushed the lid to jump. The steam kept rising, and the lid kept beating, as if a magician was hiding inside, doing tricks. Watt almost cried out for joy. He opened the lid, closed it again and again, and verified it again and again. He also covered the cup and spoon that sprayed steam. Watt finally figured out that steam pushed the lid to jump, and the power of this steam was not small.
Just as Watt was in high spirits and ecstatic, grandma spoke again: "You child, you are ungrateful. What's so funny about the kettle? Go away! " She said casually.
His grandmother is too impatient and subjective. If she neglects it casually, it will almost dampen Watt's self-esteem and his intention to explore scientific knowledge. Old man, I don't understand Watt's heart at all, and I don't know how much steam inspires Watt! Isn't the physical phenomenon that water vapor pushes the lid of the kettle to jump off the water bottle the source of Watt's understanding of inventing the steam engine?
1769, watt changed the steam engine into a single-acting engine with great power. After many studies, 1782, the trial production of the new steam engine was completed. With the linkage device on the machine, the simple motion turned into rotary motion, and the perfect steam engine was successfully invented.
Due to the invention of the steam engine and the developed coal and iron industry in Britain at that time, Britain became the first country in the world to use steam to drive iron "seagoing ships". /kloc-in the 0/9th century, the reform of maritime transportation began, and some countries entered the so-called "steamboat era". Since then, ships have been sailing on the boundless ocean. Subsequently, coal mines, factories and trains all used steam engines. Manual labor was liberated and the economy developed. This is the result of the invention of the steam engine. Of course, this is also the credit of Watt, the inventor of the steam engine. Therefore, Watt is famous all over the world.
Three: the invention of the telephone
Bell is the man who invented the telephone. He was born in England on 1847. When he was young, he and his father taught the deaf together. He wants to make a machine that can make deaf people see sound with their eyes.
1873, Bell, who became a professor at Boston University in the United States, began to study the device of transmitting multiple telegrams on the same line-multiplex telegrams, and he came up with the idea of transmitting people's voices to far away places with current, so that people thousands of miles away could talk like each other. So bell began to study the telephone.
That was June 2nd, 1875. Bell and his assistant Watson are experimenting with multiple telegrams in two rooms respectively. An accidental accident inspired Bell. In Watson's room, there is a spring stuck to the magnet of the telegraph. When Watson pulled it away, it shook. At the same time, Bell was surprised to find that the spring on the telegraph in his room vibrated and made a sound. It is the current that transmits vibration from one room to another.
Bell's mind suddenly broadened. He thought: If a person speaks to a piece of iron, the sound will cause the iron to vibrate; If an electromagnet is placed behind the iron sheet, the vibration of the iron sheet will inevitably produce large and small currents in the electromagnet coil. This fluctuating current travels far away along the wire, so won't the same vibration and sound appear on similar equipment in the distance? In this way, the sound travels far away along the wire. Isn't this the dream phone!
Bell and Watson made the telephone according to this new idea. In an experiment, a drop of sulfuric acid splashed on Bell's leg, which made him cry. "Mr. Watson, I need you. Please come to me! " "This sentence reached Watson's ear by telephone through wires, and the telephone succeeded! 1On March 7th, 876, Bell became the patentee of telephone invention.
Bell obtained 18 patents in his life and 12 patents in cooperation with others. He envisions burying telephone lines in the ground or hanging them in the air, connecting them to houses, villages and factories, so that you can call anywhere directly. On this day, Bell's vision has already become a reality.
A short story of a scientist in China.
1, Hua's patriotic story
Hua, a famous mathematician, was invited to give lectures in the United States in 2006, which was highly valued by the academic community. At that time, the University of Illinois signed a lifelong faculty contract with him, with an annual salary of 1 10,000 dollars. Life in China suddenly became comfortable. Not only does he have a small building, but the university has specially equipped him with four assistants and a typist.
After the founding of New China, some people always thought that China had become famous in the United States, lived a comfortable life and would never come back. However, material, money and status did not bind his patriotism. China resolutely gave up treatment in the United States, broke through the heavy blockade and returned to the motherland. When passing through Hong Kong, he wrote an open letter to students studying in the United States, expressing his enthusiasm for dedicating himself to the motherland.
2. Li Siguang's patriotic story
Li Siguang, a famous geologist, studied hard at Birmingham University in England for six years in his early years and obtained a master's degree in geology. His teacher, Professor Baldwin, advised him to continue his studies and return to China after obtaining his doctorate.
Li Siguang declined the teacher's kindness. He replied: No, I want to contribute what I have learned to my motherland as soon as possible. "1920 returned to work until the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in. Later, when he went abroad, he insisted on going abroad for geological research.
In the heyday of New China, he resolutely returned to China from England to serve as the Minister of Geology of New China, making outstanding contributions to China's oil industry.
3. Qian Sanqiang's patriotic story
Qian Sanqiang, the founder of atomic energy science in China, went to France to study atomic theory in 1920, and was regarded as the best scientific researcher by the young Curie couple. In, Qian Sanqiang and his wife He proposed to return to China, but their tutors and colleagues repeatedly persuaded them to stay.
The ambassador of the Kuomintang government to France viciously threatened that it would be strange to see him on the mainland! The meaning is clear. If Qian Sanqiang insists on going back to the motherland, the Kuomintang secret service will kill him halfway.
Regardless of personal safety, regardless of life and death, Qian Sanqiang and his wife held their daughter who had just turned half a year old, and returned to the embrace of the motherland decisively and tactfully, making great contributions to the development of atomic energy in China.
4. Sue's patriotic story
Su, a famous mathematician, studied in Japan in his early years and received his doctorate in 1996. Many famous Japanese universities hired him with high salaries, but he wanted to study abroad in order to master science and serve the motherland, so he declined politely and resolutely returned to China.
After returning to China, I taught at Zhejiang University, but I didn't get paid for four months in a row, and I was so poor that I didn't even have enough to eat. At that time, Imperial University of Japan also promised to leave him half a year's salary. Poverty cannot change patriotism, and Sue has no intention of going to Japan again.
After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Imperial University of Japan sent another telegram asking him to teach books. Out of national justice, he flatly refused: I want to stay in my own country. No matter how poor the motherland is, I will fight for her and serve her!
5. Wang's patriotic story
In order to support War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and drive the Japanese invaders out at an early date, Wang, a nuclear physicist in China, donated all the gold, silver and jewels in his family to the motherland.
When China suffered a serious natural disaster and needed money badly, Wang, who was in the Soviet Union, gave his savings of140,000 rubles to China's embassy in the Soviet Union to donate to the motherland and people.
The Story of Scientists in China 100 words.
After understanding the mechanical principle of windmill, young Newton made a windmill model himself. He tied the mouse to a treadmill with wheels, and then put a corn in front of the wheel, just out of the mouse's reach. The mouse wants to eat corn, so it keeps running, so the wheel keeps turning.
Once again, when he was flying a kite, he hung a small lamp on the rope. In the evening, the villagers were surprised to find that a comet appeared. He also made a small water clock. Every morning, the small water bell will automatically drop water on his face to wake him up. He also likes painting and carving, especially carving sundials. His sundial was placed in the corner of his house and everywhere on the windowsill to observe the movement of the shadow.
Newton's major achievements
From 65438 to 0679, Newton returned to the study of mechanics: gravity and its influence on planetary orbits, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and discussions with Hooke and Flamsteed on mechanics. He attributed his achievement to the book Motion of Objects in Orbit, which contains a preliminary law of motion that was later formed in Principles.
With the encouragement and support of edmund halley, Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy was published on July 5th, 1687. In this book, Newton expounded three laws of motion, which were regarded as truth in the next two hundred years. Newton named the present gravity with Latin "gravitas" and defined the law of universal gravitation. In this book, he also proposed the first method to analyze and measure the speed of sound in the air based on Boyle's law.
A 20-word science story
Science short story
1, Qian Xuesen:1One day in August, 935, Qian Xuesen left the motherland from Shanghai on a ship of the American Postal Company. The muddy waves of Huangpu River rolled and looked at the gradually blurred Shanghai City. Qian Xuesen silently said: "Goodbye, motherland. Now that you're in power, you're in a mess. I went to the United States to study technology and will come back one day to help you revive. "
2. Boyle: When Boyle exerts double pressure on the blocked air, the volume of the air will be halved; If you apply three times the pressure, the volume will become one-third of the original. When squeezed, the change of air volume is always proportional to the change of pressure. He created a simple mathematical equation to express this proportional relationship, which we now call Boyle's law.
Newton: Newton is alone in the orchard at home. Because he walked and thought, he accidentally bumped into an apple tree in the garden. At this moment, an apple just hit Newton's head. Newton suddenly woke up from the problem and picked up the apple. At this time, he fell into another problem: why did the apple fall to the ground instead of floating in the sky? Finally, Newton put forward a universal law of the simplest phenomenon: gravity.
4. Painter: 1895, an American salesman, Gillette, met an inventor and painter, hoping to make a lot of money and wanted to invent something that everyone needed once. One day, Gillette shaved and found that the razor blade just met this idea. He designed a safe razor handle, but he couldn't find a manufacturer who could make thin blades. It was not until 190 1 that he met Carson, a mechanic, that he solved the technical problem, combined the hoe rest with the double-edged replaceable blade and applied for a patent.
5. Edison: When Edison was a child, he often went to the mill of his neighbor Muir Winchester's house to play. One day, in Winchester's mill, he saw Winchester doing a flying device experiment with a balloon. This experiment fascinated Edison. He thinks that if a person's stomach is full of qi, he will surely ascend to heaven.
Ten short science stories
A: Short stories by scientists.
First, Newton's story
Newton is a world-famous scientist. Newton loved animals when he was a child. Once, his friend gave him a dog and a cat. Newton was very happy to receive the gift and took good care of his new friend. In order to facilitate dogs and cats to enter and leave the room, Newton dug two holes by the door, one large and one small. Someone asked him why you dug two holes. Newton replied, "Can a dog go through a cat hole?"
Newton's childhood was unfortunate. His father died three months before he was born. At the age of two, my mother remarried to a neighboring village. Newton had to live with his grandmother. He never spends money recklessly. His only hobby is making small crafts, saving pocket money, buying tools such as saws and hammers, and hiding in the house after school.
Newton was very attentive when he studied. Once I boiled an egg, thinking about the mathematical formula in my heart, I mistakenly threw my watch into the pot as an egg. Another time, I started working on a problem in the morning and forgot to have lunch. When he felt hungry, it was dusk. He walked out of the study, and a breeze made him feel unusually fresh. It suddenly occurred to me: am I not eating? How to walk into the courtyard! So he immediately turned around and went into the study again. When he saw the draft spread out on the table, he forgot to eat, and immediately he was nervously prone on the table to calculate.
Second, the story of Edison
Edison is a world-famous inventor. When I was a child, because my family was poor, I only went to school for three months, and I started selling newspapers at the age of eleven or twelve. He loves science and often saves money to buy science books, newspapers and chemicals. The instruments he used in the experiment were bottles and jars picked out of the garbage.
When Edison 12 years old, he sold newspapers on the train. There is a special compartment on the train for passengers to smoke, and the conductor agrees that he will occupy a corner there. He moved chemicals and bottles and cans there. After selling newspapers, he did all kinds of interesting experiments.
Once, a bottle of white phosphorus was knocked down by a sudden vibration while the train was running. Phosphorus burns as soon as it comes into contact with air. Many people came to put out the fire with Edison. The conductor was so angry that he threw all Edison's experiments out and slapped him hard that he was deaf in one ear. Edison's determination to study science never wavered. He scrimped and saved, and started his chemical experiment again. On one occasion, sulfuric acid burned his clothes; On another occasion, nitric acid almost blinded his eyes. Undaunted by the danger, he still stubbornly did the experiment.
Edison did many experiments to find a filament with low price and long life. He often works in the laboratory for dozens of hours, so tired that he lies on the experimental platform and sleeps for a while. He made unremitting efforts and finally found a suitable filament and invented the electric light. Later, Edison invented movies and phonographs ... he had 65438+ inventions in his life.