With the development of nanotechnology, electrospinning technology has received great attention in recent years, but its basic idea may be traced back more than a hundred years ago. People's understanding of electrospinning began from studying the electrospray behavior of liquids under electric fields. In 1882, Raleigh et al. studied the instability of droplets in an electric field. When the electric field force exceeds the surface tension, the original balance is broken, and the droplets hanging on the spinneret split into a series of small charged droplets. This kind of The instability became known as "Rayleigh Instability". Since 1915, Taylor et al. have studied the problem of breakage of droplets and charged fiber bundles under electric fields. As the electric field strengthens, the droplets are gradually elongated. When the values ??of the electric field force and surface tension are equal, a vertex angle of 49.3 is formed. ° cone, which later became known as the "Taylor cone".
Based on a basic understanding of the liquid electrospraying process, it was gradually applied to the preparation of fibers, thus developing into an electrospinning technology to obtain polymer micro-nano fibers. In 1934, Formlars published the first patent on electrospinning technology, detailing the process and device for preparing polymer filaments using electrostatic fields. In 1966, Simons made corresponding non-woven fabrics from nanofibers with ultra-fine diameter, extremely light weight, and different patterns. In the 1990s, Professor Reneker's research group made important contributions to the improvement and development of electrospinning technology, which not only included electrospinning a series of polymers, but also elaborated on the fiber formation mechanism during the spinning process. Since then, researchers around the world have begun basic and applied research on electrospinning technology.