E-3 early warning aircraft using Boeing 707 platform
E-737 early warning aircraft using Boeing 737 platform
The early warning aircraft is modified from civil aircraft, which has obvious advantages compared with military platforms, low operating cost, cheap accessories, fuel saving and durability. However, the short take-off and landing performance of military transport aircraft, the take-off and landing performance of field runways and the ability to carry and enter and exit large cargo are not particularly attractive to early warning aircraft that need special protection. Moreover, the use cost of all military transport aircraft manufactured by military standards is much higher than that of civil aircraft. Therefore, in general, early warning aircraft spend money to buy electronic equipment, and the requirements for the platform are mainly cheap and reliable, and can be used in flight.
Eilian early warning aircraft equipped in Thailand
Therefore, C9 19, as a platform with moderate scale, available flight performance and low operating cost, is very suitable for early warning aircraft. At present, C9 19 uses a lot of shelf products, but many subsystems are imported equipment. However, with the gradual improvement of C9 19, China has completely mastered the whole process of large aircraft from project establishment to development, manufacturing, flight test, evidence collection and operation, and it is not impossible for all subsystems of C9 19 to be completely localized. Even a newer and better model is derived, and it is entirely possible to be an early warning aircraft platform.
Anxious netizens have made CG pictures of C9 19 early warning aircraft.
Another branch of the early warning aircraft is the Russian early warning aircraft, which mainly uses military platforms such as Il -76. Most of the reasons are that Russian (including the former Soviet Union) civil aviation passenger planes can't reach the level of the United States or western countries, and they are noisy, and they all stop production early, so they can only use the Il -76 platform. This is also the reality that China is currently facing. With the success of C9 19 and the establishment of C929, it is just around the corner for China to master the medium and large passenger transport platform.
KJ-2000 early warning aircraft
C-9 19 is a very good platform for early warning aircraft, which is very suitable for early warning aircraft in terms of safety performance, low fuel consumption, long voyage and long air stay time of civil airliners. Moreover, there is another advantage of civil aviation aircraft that the fuselage is relatively slender, so that the resistance will be smaller and the stability of the aircraft will be much better. Moreover, the disk mounted on it can be arranged as far away from the wing as possible, and the blind area covered from the bottom is much smaller. Therefore, both the West and the United States like to refit early warning aircraft with civil aviation.
However, changing a civil airliner into an early warning aircraft also has its own shortcomings. The compatibility between civilian electronic equipment and military electronic equipment is obviously not as good as that of transport aircraft. Second, we rely heavily on large airports. Once a war breaks out, large airports will be the first target. The best way to seize the air superiority is not to kill all the third-generation air superiority fighters with the J-20/F-22, but to blow up the airport directly so that enemy planes can't fly. When Germany attacked the Soviet Union, the first plane bombed almost 2000 planes, 90% of which were directly bombed at the airport. But once a large airport is bombed, the early warning aircraft of civil aviation reform can't take off at the field airport at all, which is fatal. Of course, transport planes also have their own difficulties. In order to install large equipment, the transport plane has to be designed as thick as possible, such as the Fat Girl J-20, which actually affects the flight performance. The stability of aircraft is not as good as that of civil aviation, and the air time will also be affected. The biggest impact is that the wing covers too many disks and there are many dead angles below, so it is necessary to add a downward looking radar to take care of this blind spot.
But these have little to do with changing C9 19 into an early warning aircraft. Although C9 19 is a large commercial airliner independently developed by China, and it is also very suitable to be converted into an early warning aircraft, C9 19 cannot be used for military purposes, because at present, only 50% of domestic spare parts are supplied in China, and the other 50% are basically core components and control systems, many of which are from abroad. For example, the LEAP- 1C engine produced by CFM Company is an international engine company composed of American General Motors Company and French Snecma Company. This engine is really good objectively, but it is not made in China. If it is to be converted into an early warning aircraft, it must be approved by others. Moreover, the contract clearly stipulates that it can only be used for civil engineering projects of C9 19, and cannot be used for other things, such as changing early warning aircraft. There is a domestic CJ- 10000AX engine, but this engine was successfully ignited in Shanghai the year before last. There is still a long way to go to reach the level equipped with C9 19. Unless LEAP- 1C is out of stock, CJ- 10000AX engine will never be taken at present, at least it must be C965438.
In addition, C9 19 also has control system, fuel system, flight recorder, cockpit control and instrument lighting, many of which are made in America. And the tires are Michelin, and this one is also American; In addition, the hydraulic system and the wing anti-icing system are German. The fire monitoring system is British and so on. You can see that all imported products are the core. It can be said that 50% of imported products are the key to the aircraft. As for 50% of our domestic products, more are the downstream and low-end products of aircraft, such as fuselage structure and fuselage materials. The domestic electronic system is good and has been widely used.
Of course, don't lose heart. After all, China has just started the research and development of civil large passenger aircraft, and the level of many high-tech components and control systems is indeed not as good as that of foreign countries. However, we should know that when C9 19 was first established in 2008, the localization rate was estimated to be only 10%, and it has reached 50% in just 12 years, which shows C965438. In addition, C9 19 needs to obtain a trial certificate, which was established in Europe and America. Naturally, people have the final say, so it is more prudent to use mature products from Europe and America as core components. After the trial certificate is completed, it is believed that these core components will be won by public relations and gradually become the core of domestic C9 19. Slowly, these components will compete with similar products in the world at low cost, and then the winner will depend on his ability.
Of course, at this stage, the core components of C9 19 are all owned by others, and others are strangling us. Even now, we have not said that C9 19 should be militarized, and the United States has repeatedly threatened to stop the engine. If there is a little news of military improvement, a large number of core components will be completely restricted immediately, and the loss will outweigh the gain.
Therefore, at present, there is no possibility to modify the C9 19 early warning aircraft. Unless that day we can not rely on foreign countries, all parts can be imported, and there is no problem if we don't import them. At that time, it will be impossible for others to tell us what to do, don't you think?
Legend: China commercial large aircraft C9 19 rolled off the production line and appeared at the press conference.
At present, there are two kinds of domestic large aircraft in China, one is Yun -20, the other is C9 19, the other is mainly military and the other is civilian, with different emphases. As the platform of early warning aircraft, from the mainstream experience of foreign development, civil passenger aircraft is usually the first choice, which is superior to military transport aircraft in comfort, economy and safety. For example, several large early warning aircraft in the United States have chosen Boeing's large passenger aircraft as the platform, and the small and medium-sized early warning aircraft developed by Sweden, Israel and other countries are also based on the corresponding small and medium-sized civil passenger aircraft. Therefore, China has developed a new type of early warning aircraft. Undoubtedly, the best platform for large aircraft is C9 19. Its overall performance is equivalent to that of Boeing -737, and its maximum takeoff weight is 100 ton. Its aerodynamic configuration is good, the lower wing is low, the flight time is long and the cockpit is comfortable. These basic characteristics are favorable conditions for its development as an early warning aircraft platform.
However, at present, C9 19, as the development platform of China early warning aircraft, still faces some problems, because it is a commercial airliner with civil positioning and the development mode is global cooperation, that is to say, this aircraft uses foreign ready-made products in the engine, avionics system and other subsystems. If it is used to transform into a military platform, it will be subject to some specific restrictions in the original project development contract. Therefore, in a short time, the development of new early warning aircraft in China can only be based on the existing Yun -8 series platform or Yun -20.
In the future, as long as China uses domestic equipment in the engine and avionics system of C9 19, there will be no problem for this domestic large aircraft to be used as the development platform of China Air Force's early warning aircraft.
C9 19 is still in the test flight state, and it has not been officially put into civilian use. How to serve as an early warning aircraft platform? At present, many key subsystems and power systems of C9 19 are imported, especially two LEAP-X 1C turbofan engines with large bypass ratio developed by CFM International Company. If C9 19 is converted to military, it is likely that foreign suppliers will get stuck. This potential problem occurred on the helicopter gunship Zhi 10. The earliest prototype of Zhi 10 was made by Pu in Canada? Hui PT6C-67C turboshaft engine, but the United States won't let Canada? You sell it to China as a military, and punish the Canadian general? Seventy million dollars. Therefore, even if C9 19 is to be used as an early warning aircraft platform in the future, the localization of engine supply must be solved first. At present, AVIC is developing a large bypass ratio turbofan engine for C9 19, but it will take 8 years to replace the imported engine.
As an early warning aircraft platform, civil aircraft is an international common practice. Because the early warning aircraft does not require much mobility and the ability to take off and land on the field runway, it emphasizes voyage, space-time and comfort, so civil aircraft has natural advantages. Most of the early warning aircraft we see in the world are based on civil aircraft, such as E-3, E767, wedge tail and so on. Russia uses Il -76 as an early warning aircraft platform because of the poor performance of its civil aircraft. It is better to use the mature and reliable Il -76 transport aircraft than to use it reluctantly.
In the future, C9 19 can be used not only as an early warning aircraft platform, but also as an anti-submarine patrol aircraft platform, because anti-submarine patrol aircraft also emphasizes voyage, space-time and comfort. If C9 19 is used as the anti-submarine patrol platform, the aviation anti-submarine capability of China Navy will be further improved. (S)
At present, the mainstream American and European early warning aircraft in the world all use commercial passenger planes or long-range business jets as early warning aircraft carriers. For example, the E-3 early warning aircraft in the United States uses Boeing 707, and the wedge tail equipped in Australia, South Korea and Turkey uses Boeing 737.
There are many advantages to using commercial airliner or large business jet as the carrier of early warning aircraft. First, the cost is relatively low, and the maintenance cost is also relatively low, because there are huge amortization expenses in the civil market. Second, today's passenger planes are fuel-efficient, have a long range and a large payload, and are suitable for installing early warning radars, workstations and several tons of power supply equipment. Third, the ergonomics of commercial passenger aircraft is well designed, because it is originally for commercial passengers, and air conditioning and other systems can give full play to crew members to maintain combat effectiveness. In addition to early warning aircraft, the United States and Europe also choose passenger planes as carriers in tankers, strategic reconnaissance aircraft and other models.
At present, China's early warning aircraft are all based on military transport aircraft. Air Police 2000 uses Il 76, Air Police 200 and 500 series use 8/9 series. Using these military transport planes is a helpless choice. The design of military transport aircraft to transport large-scale military equipment makes the fuselage cross-section larger, and the flight resistance is much greater than that of commercial passenger aircraft, not to mention ergonomics and comfort, which is not conducive to the crew to perform long-range tasks.
C9 19 is the first regional aircraft developed by China, which adopts the general subcontracting development mechanism. China has independent intellectual property rights, but the products of world-class manufacturers are widely used in subsystem development, which ensures that C9 19 is basically at the same level as Boeing 737 and Airbus 320. Compared with the current Air Police 500-series carrier-based carrier carrier-Yun 9, C9 19 has overwhelming advantages in terms of maximum takeoff weight, range, speed, comfort, flight and maintenance costs.
But at present, C9 19, including engine, flight control and other key subsystems, are products of American and European manufacturers. C9 19 can't be used as the carrier of early warning aircraft at present because the United States and Europe have been enforcing the arms sales ban on China. In fact, for C9 19, the most important task at present is to achieve commercial success in the domestic and international markets, so as to make China's aviation manufacturing industry step into the first-class ranks as a whole and enter the most profitable manufacturing industry. It is not worth the loss for China to sabotage its own business process for dozens of military planes. We are no longer entangled in the localization of C9 19, which is of little significance.
As the carrier of large military aircraft such as early warning aircraft and tankers, we have a better choice, that is, the C929 long-range passenger aircraft jointly developed by China and Russia. This kind of plane is bigger and has a longer range. There is no need to worry about sales bans and sanctions when cooperating with Russia. It is the best carrier-based aircraft choice for China early warning aircraft, especially tankers. If the project goes smoothly, it is estimated that within 20 years, the number of early warning aircraft, tankers and electronic reconnaissance planes will reach 100. Take this aircraft as the carrier of our air force.
The problem now is that the C-9 19 passenger plane has not been fully developed and is currently in the test flight stage. How can we talk about future military possibilities without even getting the most basic aviation?
CG Diagram of C-9 19 Early Warning Aircraft
So we must first solve the existing problems. After we have a fully mature system, it is possible to make various improvements on its basis. Therefore, the so-called improved early warning aircraft of C-9 19 passenger aircraft can only be a large number of mature early warning aircraft models that can only be realized after all localization.
Only all our subsystems can be localized, and the most important thing is the engine system. Recently, it was reported that the ignition test of CJ- 1000 engine numbered C-9 19 was successful. This indicates that the main system and engine of our large aircraft will be localized and will no longer be controlled in future modifications.
Therefore, whether the C-9 19 passenger plane can be used to modify the early warning aircraft depends entirely on China's overall consideration of the situation. There is no need to modify the early warning aircraft for the new model. After all, comprehensive efficiency is the most important result. What do friends think? Welcome to leave a comment! If you like it, you can like it, forward it and pay attention!
The engine and control system are imported, which makes it easy for people to enter through the back door. Just like the engine of Malaysia Airlines 370, it will send information to the head office. Our computers use the same CPU. If our military computers also use Intel's, the United States can invade at any time and have a hardware background.
First, the current C9 19 can't be used as an early warning aircraft carrier, because the aircraft system and engine are imported, and we have an agreement with the engine importing country, which can only be used for civilian purposes, but not for military purposes. I wonder if there is such an agreement in the system. Second, if China has a suitable engine in the future, or Russia is willing to export PS-90 to China, it may be converted into an early warning aircraft. Third, China's early warning aircraft technology has long passed. As long as C9 19 allows modification, it is only a matter of time before modification. ...
Mainly because C-9 19 is an international cooperation project, and a large number of accessories used are from European and American companies. At present, Europe and the United States are carrying out technical containment on China. As a civilian project, the C-9 19 project may get stuck, not to mention military transformation. At the same time, in many cooperation projects with Europe and the United States, there are certain restrictions on the use environment of its technology and it cannot be directly used for military purposes.
Now, because we are still considering the international market, Eagle Sauce has not been sanctioned, and C-9 19 has no military plan for the time being. But if you don't go to Philip Burkart, you will lose your distance. We can't passively wait for American sanctions (it's only a matter of time), we must take the initiative to attack. What should I do now or how should I do this? Stick to the plan. However, it is necessary to organize manpower to design a country C-9 19 where domestic parts are replaced! If sanctions don't come, it's time to make preparations for improving the localization rate in the future. If sanctions come, let this national C9 19 join the army directly!
The engine should give priority to turbofan 18 instead of turbofan 20. There is a simple reason. Although the performance of WS20 is better than that of WS 18, it's the first choice. At present, WS 18 is mainly used to replace imported engines, which can balance the production capacity.