Ludwig van Beethoven (Ludwig van Beethoven, 1770.12.17.-1827.3.26.)
In 1792, 22-year-old Lu Devich van Beethoven came to Vienna from Bonn, and until his death in 1827, he never left this city that was particularly attractive to musicians. Most of Beethoven's works were created here. All nine of his symphonies had their premieres in Vienna. In 1805, his only opera creation, Fidelio, also had its premiere at the Vienna State Opera. Beethoven is considered by later generations to be the greatest symphony writer of all time. His "Eroica Symphony" is full of passion. His ninth symphony is based on the German poet Schiller's "Ode to Joy" and has now become the anthem of the European Union.
The brilliant creations cannot conceal Beethoven’s difficult life. In 1802, as Beethoven gradually lost his hearing, he wrote a will probably to his brother in grief and anger. His passionate nature forced him to move frequently. He left dozens of residences in the area with hot springs in the northern part of Vienna city. But the hot springs could not save his deafness. In 1819, Beethoven's hearing was completely lost. In 1827, a solemn funeral was held for him in the Waehringer Friedhof cemetery. In 1888, Beethoven's remains were placed in the Vienna Central Cemetery.
Visit the musician Beethoven
Beethoven moved frequently in his later years. Although he left behind many former residences, many of them are not open to tourists as exhibition halls. Beethoven liked to live in a place called Heiligenstadt, which was far away from the city and directly north of the city. In 1802, Beethoven lived in this city and composed his second symphony here. In October of the same year, Beethoven wrote the "Heiligenstadt Testament" here, which was a letter he wrote to his two brothers. This letter was not sent and is still intact here. Beethoven's site is now known as the "Heiligenstadt Testament House" and is open to visitors from Tuesday to Sunday.
Address: Probusgasse 6, 1190 Wien
The Paqualitihaus is the residence where Beethoven lived for a long time. Between 1804 and 1815, although Beethoven left this residence several times, he finally returned here. The owner of the building, Pascualvaldi, was a good friend of Beethoven. Every time Beethoven left, he would tell his servants not to rent Beethoven's room because "he would always come back." Here, Beethoven experienced the heyday of his creation. His Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Symphonies, Fourth Piano Concerto and opera "Fidelio" were all created here.
Address: Moelkerbastei 8, 1010 Wien
When Beethoven died in 1827, many friends and admirers came to express their condolences. Beethoven is buried in Waehringer Friedhof. Literary giant Greer Patzer once said in his eulogy, "Beethoven gave his all to everyone, but got nothing from them, so he stayed away from everyone." What can make Beethoven look back in peace is that Schubert In 1828, he was also buried here with him. In order to commemorate Schubert, the young talented musician, people built a Schubert Garden (Schubertpark) next to Weilinger's cemetery. Today, the Schubert Garden on Wellinger Strasse is a popular place for tourists.
Address: W ringer Stra?e, 1180 Wien
In 1888, the coffins of the two music masters were moved together to the Central Cemetery. Today, Beethoven is buried in Grave No. 29 in Celebrity Cemetery 32A of the Central Cemetery.
Address: Zentralfriedhof, Simmeringer Hauptstra?e 234, 1110 Wien
In 1880, people who admired Beethoven also built a monument to him. Since then, the place has been renamed Beethovenplatz. The Beethoven statue is surrounded by nine little angels, symbolizing the nine symphonies of the immortal music master.
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Beethoven was born in Bonn, Germany on December 16, 1770. His grandfather was the court singer and music director of the Elector of Cologne, and his father was also the court singer of the Elector of Cologne. Beethoven's father tried his best to cultivate him into a Mozart-like child prodigy. Therefore, he forced him to learn violin and piano at the age of four and perform in public at the age of eight. Under the guidance of organist C.G. Nefer
Beethoven began to study the works of German masters such as Bach, which enabled him to truly understand German national music and gradually formed his own style.
After his loving mother died of illness in 1787, Beethoven entered the prestigious family of Mrs. F.V. Browning in Bonn as a music teacher. There, he met many progressive and knowledgeable professors, writers and artists, and enlightened people in the government. They talked about art, philosophy and politics, so that the young Beethoven began to be influenced by progressive thoughts and initially established the artistic concept that art should serve kindness, justice and humanitarianism. At the age of nineteen, he was allowed to attend lectures at the University of Bonn and study Kant's philosophical treatises and ancient Greek literature. There he came into contact with the enlightenment ideas of the French bourgeois revolution, which had a profound impact on his world view and artistic outlook. had a great impact. In 1792, Beethoven left his hometown and settled in Vienna. In that year, he studied composition with Haydn. Began publishing works in 1795. Around 1800, Beethoven composed "Symphony No. 1".
This is one of Beethoven's studies and the most classical of his nine symphonies. In 1802, Beethoven composed the "Second Symphony". From this symphony we can see that Beethoven was trying to combine his creation with the lofty ideals he pursued. creative tendencies.
The completion of the "Third Symphony" (Eroica) marked a new stage in Beethoven's creation. This work created in 1804 got rid of Haydn and Mozar
Special influence is a great leap forward both in thought and art. This work absorbs the tones of French revolutionary music, blends it with the emotions of the revolutionary era, and lays the foundation for Beethoven's heroic, mass style of music creation and "victory through struggle" ideas.
Between 1802 and 1815, although Beethoven suffered various mental blows including ear diseases, he still composed a large number of musical works: Symphony No. 3 to Symphony No. 8
Sonphonies, violin concertos, piano concertos, overtures, sonatas, etc., these works had a profound impact on the future development of European music.
After 1815, Beethoven became completely deaf. He became withdrawn and irritable, but he did not lose confidence. His music creation at this time took on a thoughtful nature. The completion of the great "Ninth Symphony" marked a new peak in Beethoven's creation, showing that Beethoven's artistic thoughts were deeper, more detailed, and more mature.
This work embodies Beethoven's "liberty, equality, fraternity" and "the people of the world unite and embrace each other like brothers, and only after hard struggle can we obtain the true love
The ideal of joy.
On March 26, 1827, Beethoven died of illness in Vienna.
On the day of the burial, all schools were closed for mourning, and 20,000 people attended the funeral. His tombstone was engraved with the inscription of the Austrian poet Greer Bacze: "...when you stand at his coffin When you are in front of you, what envelopes you is not dejection, but a noble emotion; we
Only for a person like him can we say: He has completed a great cause..."
Beethoven’s music occupies a special position in his symphonies. From these symphonies, we can learn about the development of symphonies in each period from Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven to
Schubert and Mendelssohn, and we can also understand the basic principles of Beethoven's creation. Thinking and mental outlook. Beethoven's symphonies fully inherited the excellent tradition of German music and absorbed the various achievements and heroic tones of the French Revolution music. Therefore, his music has a distinct sense of the times. At the same time, he absorbed the essence of German and Austrian national music, and his works have a more obvious national character.
Beethoven's symphonies center on the heroes who express the revolutionary struggle. He puts the heroic theme at the top of his symphony creation. From Beethoven's "Third Symphony
", "Fifth Symphony", "Sixth Symphony", "Seventh Symphony" and "Ninth Symphony", we can all It can be seen that these works depict the activities and thoughts of the hero, the hero and the revolutionary struggle, the hero and nature, the hero and the people, the hero and victory, the hero and his inner world, etc. from different aspects
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These heroic tones mold heroes among the people and show that they fight for the cause of justice and even sacrifice themselves until they win the struggle
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Beethoven's symphony compositions mostly adopt the expanded sonata form. His creative ideas are broad and grand, with profound thoughts, contrasting images, rich and diverse, and in the treatment of musical form
All achieved a high degree of unity in the work as a whole. During the creation, the third movement minuet in the original symphony was changed into a scherzo, and the conflicts in the human world in the opera were achieved through struggle. The dramatic expression of victory was applied to the symphony, and the chorus was even added to the Ninth Symphony, which expanded the performance and atmosphere of the symphony. In addition, in the creation of the symphony, Beethoven made bold innovations in orchestration, establishing the status of the clarinet in the orchestra, using four trombones in the "Ninth Symphony" etc. etc., formed a novel style, started a new field, fully expressed his inner world with this innovative music form, reflected the progressive social trends at that time, and integrated European classical music into the world. Pai's music reached its peak, creating a precedent for European romantic music in the 19th century.
Chronology of Beethoven's major events
December 17, 1770, Ludwig - court singer Johann van Beethoven and his wife Maria Magdalena The second child was baptized in the church of St. Remigius in Bonn.
On March 26, 1778, the "six-year-old child star" performed on stage for the first time.
In October 1779, Christian Gottlobnever came to Bonn to serve as Beethoven's teacher.
In 1782, he met the von Breuning family through Franz Gerhard Wegler.
Nine variations based on a march by Dressler were published in Mannheim.
On February 15, 1784, Maximilian Friedrich, the Archbishop and Elector of Cologne, died; Maximilian Franz, the youngest son of Empress Maria Theresa, came to the throne.
On the 27th of the 6th year, he became an official member of the Porth Palace Band.
From March to April 1787, he traveled to Vienna for the first time and met Mozart.
On July 17, his mother died of tuberculosis.
In 1788, Beethoven's later friend and patron Count Walstein came to benefactor. On December 14, Carl Philipp Emmanuel Bach died in Hamburg.
On July 14, 1789, the French Revolution broke out.
On February 20, 1790, Austrian Emperor Joseph II passed away.
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On December 25, Joseph Haydn passed by Bonn during his trip.
On March 6, 1791, a cavalier ballet was performed to the score.
On December 5, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died in Vienna. On November 2, 1792, the second trip to Vienna began.
From that year to the end of 1793, he studied under Haydn.
On December 18, his father passed away in Bonn.
At the end of 1793 or the beginning of 1794, three trios (Opus No. 1) were performed for the first time at a family party hosted by Prince Lichnossky.
In 1794, he lived in the home of Prince Lichnovsky.
On March 29, 1795, it was performed for the first time in Sauena.
From February to June 1796, he traveled to Prague, Dresden, Leipzig and the Prussian Palace in Berlin.
Bonaparte led his troops to attack Italy.
On January 31, 1797, Franz Schubert was born in Lichtenthal near Vienna.
On April 6, the quintet (Opus No. 16) was performed for the first time at a concert held by violinist and friend Shupan Tsehi.
In May, he began to get acquainted with Therese and Josephine von Brunshevik.
The first symptoms of ear disease appeared in 1798.
On April 2, 1800, he held his first solo concert at the Hoover Palace Theater, performing the "First Symphony" and "Orchestral Septet" (Opus No. 20) for the first time.
1801 Love Giulietta Guichardi.
On November 1, 2016, and November 6, 2016, I wrote letters to my friends Amanda and Wegler, respectively, disclosing the truth about my increasing hearing loss.
On October 6 and 10, 1802, the will was written in Heiligenstadt.
On April 5, 1803, a concert was held at the Vienna Opera House, where the "Second Symphony" and "Third Piano Concerto" were performed for the first time.
In the summer, he composed the "Eroica Symphony" in Baden and Deppling.
Began to teach piano playing skills and music theory to Archduke Rudolf of Austria.
From the autumn of 1804 to the end of 1807, he fell in love with Josephine von Deim; her maiden name was Brunshevik.
On May 20, Bonaparte proclaimed himself emperor and declared Napoleon I.
On August 11, Franz I became emperor of Austria.
On April 7, 1805, the "Third Symphony (Eroica)" was premiered.
On November 13, the French army occupied Vienna.
On November 20, "Fidelio" was performed for the first time.
On March 29, 1806, the second version of "Fidelio" was performed for the first time.
In October, he broke off diplomatic relations with Prince Lichnovsky and met Count Rasumovsky.
On December 23, the "Violin Concerto" (Opus 61) was performed for the first time.
In March 1807, a special concert was held at the Prince Gerbkovits Palace, where the "Fourth Symphony", "Coriolan Overture" and "Fourth Piano Concerto" were performed for the first time.
In October 1808, the royal family of Gér?me Bonaparte invited Beethoven to Kassel.
On December 22, a concert was held at the Vienna Opera House, where the "Fifth Symphony", "Sixth Symphony" and "Choral Fantasy" (Opus No. 80) were performed for the first time.
On February 26, 1809, Grand Duke Rudolf, Prince Lobkowitz and Prince Kinski promised to pay Beethoven an annuity.
On April 9, Austria declared war on France.
On May 10, the French army occupied Vienna again.
On May 31, Joseph Haibin passed away.
Revolts against Napoleon broke out in the Austrian Tyrol region and Germany.
In the spring of 1810, he fell in love with Therese von Malfati.
On March 15, 1811, "Financial Patent Pen Drum Has Been Lost?"
Arrived in Teplitz on August 1, and met Amariel Sibo Germany.
On November 28, the first performance of the "Piano Concerto No. 5" was held in Leipzig.
On June 24, 1812, Napoleon launched his troops to attack Russia. /p>
On July 6th and 7th, he wrote a letter to "Eternal Lover"
From July 19th to 23rd, he met with Goethe many times in Teplitz.
On October 19, the French army began to retreat.
Stayed in Baden in the summer of 1813.
On June 21, Wellington was defeated in Victoria.
The war of national liberation against French rule began.
On December 8, a concert was held at the University of Vienna Auditorium, where the "Seventh Symphony" and "War" were performed for the first time. "Symphony".
On February 27, 1814, the "Eighth Symphony" was performed for the first time.
On April 6, Napoleon abdicated in Fontaine. /p>
In April, I met Anton Schendler.
On April 15, Prince Carl Lichnovsky died on May 23. Qifang Osmium Returns?
On September 18, the Vienna Conference opened.
A grand concert was held for the participants of the Vienna Conference on November 29.
On January 25, 1815, he performed for the last time as a pianist.
On March 1, Napoleon left the exile area of ??Alba and returned to the mainland.
In the summer, he stayed in Baden and Deppling.
On November 15, his brother Karl died, and Beethoven became the guardian of his nephew Karl.
On February 2, 1816, his nephew died. Carl studied in the youth correctional institution run by Giannatasio Del Rio. The Schupantzech Quartet disbanded in the summer and stayed in Baden.
Since October. Various illnesses caused by colds could not be cured for a long time.
Prince Joseph Franz Lobkowi died on December 16.
In the summer of 1817, he died in Heiligenstadt.
In the summer of 1818, he stayed in M?dling.
In 1819 Anton Schendler became Beethoven's assistant. p>Started to talk with people in the "Conversation Book"
On April 8, 1820, he became the sole guardian of his nephew Carl.
Stayed in Modlin. p>
Stayed in Deppling and Baden in the summer of 1821.
Suffered from jaundice.
Stayed in Deppling and Baden in the summer of 1822. /p>
On November 9, Prince Nikolaus Galezin of Russia invited Beethoven to write three string quartets.
On May 4, 1823, Shupanzei returned from Russia.
In the summer, he stayed in Herzendorf and Baden.
In February 1824, Viennese art lovers wrote to Beethoven, requesting him to perform new works in Vienna.
On April 18, "Missa Solemnis" was performed for the first time in Petersburg.
On May 7, a concert was held at the Costento Theater, where the "Ninth Symphony" was performed for the first time. In the summer, he stayed in Pengqing and Guttenbrunn near Vienna.
On March 6, 1825, the Schupanzech Quartet performed Quartet No. 127 for the first time.
In May, I suffered from severe enteritis.
In the summer, stay in Gutenbrunn.
In October, moved into a Spanish-style apartment.
In 1826, he suffered severe physical and mental injuries.
On March 21, Quartet No. 130 was premiered. The last movement of the piece was the "Grand Fugue". On July 30, nephew Carl attempted suicide.
On September 29, he set off for Gnexendorf, where his brother John lived.
On December 2, when he returned to Vienna, Beethoven was in serious condition, suffering from pneumonia, cirrhosis and ascites.
On December 20, the first abdominal puncture was performed.