What are the properties of earthworms? Salty in nature; Sexual apathy? Meridian and liver; Spleen; Bladder meridian? The main function is to clear the potential and stop spasm; Calming the liver and calming the wind; Activating menstruation; Antiasthmatic and diuretic. Main fever, fever and dryness; Seizures and convulsions; Liver-yang headache; Stroke hemiplegia; Rheumatalgia; Lung heat, asthma and cough; Cann't pee? Clinical application? Used for dizziness due to high fever, convulsion, joint pain, numbness of limbs, hemiplegia, asthma and cough due to lung heat, oliguria and edema; High blood pressure. ? What is the pharmacological action of earthworm? 1. Thrombolytic and anticoagulant effects The dried coarse powder of earthworm coelomic fluid was directly injected into rat duodenum at 30mg/kg. Fibrinogenesis was determined by the method of connecting arteriovenous cannula with fibrin, which showed obvious fibrinolytic activity, and the activity was lost after boiling or drying. Fibrin plate test proved that freeze-dried coarse powder 5? G has the same fibrinolytic activity as urokinase1u. However, after the fibrin plate was heated in 85℃ water bath for 30 minutes, the activity of urokinase was lost, while the activity of freeze-dried coarse powder was partially retained. It shows that the fibrinolytic mechanism of freeze-dried coarse powder is not exactly the same as that of urokinase. The function of urokinase is to activate plasminogen into active fibrinolytic solution and catalyze fibrinolysis. In addition to urokinase-like fibrinolysis, earthworm freeze-dried coarse powder also directly promotes chemical fiber dissolution. Eisenia foetida extract can dissolve rabbit venous thrombosis in vitro, and also has fibrinolytic activity to coagulated fibrin glue plate. Its fibrinolysis has indirect effects of direct fibrinolysis and activation of plasminogen, but direct fibrinolysis is the main one. 0.lg/kg or 0.2g/kg of earthworm water extract was injected intravenously into rabbits, which obviously inhibited the experimental thrombosis of common carotid artery-external jugular vein blood flow, and also significantly inhibited 1g/kg, but it was weak. Intravenous injection of 0.02 g/kg has thrombolytic effect. Intravenous injection of 2 ml/kg earthworm ethanol extract injection (containing 2 g crude drug per 65438±0ml) in rabbits can obviously prolong the time of platelet thrombosis and fibrin thrombosis, reduce the length and dry weight of thrombus and reduce blood viscosity. Intravenous injection of artificially cultured crude extract of earthworm feces can significantly reduce the content of fibrinogen in blood and shorten the dissolution time of globulin. After further extraction, the preparation containing various plasmin and plasminogen activator has good thrombolytic effect. It can improve the activity of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in rabbit plasma, significantly reduce platelet aggregation, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity, and reduce the rigidity index of red blood cells, suggesting that it has the functions of promoting fibrinolysis, inhibiting platelet aggregation and enhancing the stability of red blood cell membrane. The water extract of earthworm dry powder can dissolve rabbit fibrin and blood clot in vitro. Intravenous injection of water decoction and alcohol precipitation in rabbits has obvious dissolving effect on venous thrombosis of ear margin. The earthworm extract taken orally by normal volunteers also has obvious anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects in a dose-dependent manner. The time of thromboplastin was obviously prolonged, the activity of plasminogen activator was enhanced, the dissolution time of globulin was shortened, and the content of fibrin degradation products was increased. Fibrinolytic enzyme (freeze-dried powder) extracted from earthworm was given to rabbits by gavage, 0.05g/(kg? D) or 0. 1g/(kg? D) The length, wet weight and dry weight of thrombus formed in vitro were significantly reduced compared with those of the control group after blood sampling for 3 days. ? Tommy Tam decoction has obvious antithrombin effect on bovine thrombin promoting coagulation of human fibrinogen in vitro. Eisenia foetida extract can obviously prolong thrombin time (TT), and it can also obviously prolong TT when added to plasma lacking antithrombin -III(AT-III), but the extension degree is small, which indicates that this effect has two parts: AT-III dependence and AT-III independence. Intravenous injection of earthworm extract in rabbits can obviously prolong TT half-life by 0.32 hours, and in vitro injection of earthworm extract can also obviously prolong TT in white mud and activate partial thromboplastin time (KPTT). The aqueous extract of Pheretima was hydrolyzed by alkali, and then separated by ethanol. The obtained extract can also significantly prolong KPTT and TT, and its antithrombin activity is not neutralized by AT-III antibody and protamine, indicating that its activity is independent of AT-III. The active ingredient is not polysaccharide or protein, but may be a small peptide with alkali resistance and heat resistance or a compound with double bonds, which is different from anticoagulant substances such as bombesin and heparin. Patients with hyperviscosity and ischemic stroke were treated with Eisenia foetida extract 14d for three courses and1~ for two courses, and their blood cell ratio, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, plasma viscosity and fibrinogen decreased. Intravenous injection of earthworm extract in rabbits can significantly reduce platelet aggregation rate, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity and erythrocyte rigidity index. 2. Effect on cardiovascular system (1) Anti-arrhythmia effect: Intravenous lumbricus has obvious antagonistic effect on arrhythmia induced by chloroform-epinephrine or aconitine in rats and barium chloride or hemlock G in rabbits; It also inhibits cardiac conduction. ? (2) Hypotensive effect: Anesthetized dogs were injected with 0. 1g/kg hot water extract or ethanol extract intravenously, and their blood pressure decreased within 30-45 minutes, lasting for 2-3 hours; Normal rats were given high dose (10g/kg) three times or low dose (50mg/kg) twice a day, all of which had obvious antihypertensive effect. The blood pressure of renovascular hypertensive rats decreased from 3 to 7 days after drug administration, and rose to the level before drug administration in the second week after drug withdrawal. The hypotensive mechanism of Pheretima may be that it directly acts on the central nervous system above the spinal cord or affects the central nervous system through some receptors, causing some splanchnic blood vessels to dilate and lower blood pressure. When rats took 0.25g/kg of earthworm decoction, their blood pressure immediately decreased, and the process of blood pressure reduction was similar to that of platelet activating factor (PAF). For example, intravenous injection of PAF receptor blocker CV6209 significantly inhibited the antihypertensive effect of earthworm, suggesting that PAF-like substances are important antihypertensive components of earthworm. Feeding diet containing earthworm to stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) can reduce SHRSP's blood pressure and improve vascular elasticity, that is, increase the wet-to-weight ratio of aortic load (Raqq/aortic wet-weight mg) and the maximum aortic load at rupture (Raqq/aortic wet-weight mg), and decrease the heart-to-weight ratio (myocardial mg/body weight g? 10-3), can increase the ratio of kidney to body weight, and also has diuretic and triglyceride reducing effects, suggesting that earthworm may have a certain preventive effect on SHRSP stroke. ? 3. Effect on the central nervous system ① Treatment of ischemic stroke: Pre-intraperitoneal injection of lumbricus injection (10g/kg) has a certain preventive effect on ischemic stroke caused by ligation of common arteries in Mongolian gerbils, which can reduce the symptoms of ischemic stroke, such as the incidence of hair stand-up, hovering behavior and tumbling attack, and obviously reduce the mortality rate of animals, thus reducing the monoamine transmitter 5- hydroxyl in the brain tissue of ischemic stroke animals. ② Anticonvulsive and sedative effects: Mice injected with lumbricus extract treated with lead acetate can obviously resist the convulsion caused by pentylenetetrazol and caffeine, but cannot resist the convulsion caused by topiramate, suggesting that its anticonvulsant effect is in the central nervous system above the spinal cord. Intraperitoneal injection of 20g/kg earthworm ethanol extract also had antagonistic effect on electroconvulsive, and the ED was 22. 18g/kg. The alcohol extract of earthworm has sedative effect on mice and rabbits. (3) Antipyretic effect: The water extract of Dilong has a good antipyretic effect on fever and warm stimulation caused by endotoxin in Escherichia coli in rabbits, but it is weaker than aminopyrine. Oral administration of Guangdilong Powder (12g) has no cooling effect on healthy people, and its cooling effect on patients with infectious fever is better than that of aspirin (0.3g orally), but it is also effective on non-infectious fever, but it takes effect later, generally taking effect 0.5-3h after taking it, and the body temperature drops to normal in 2-5h. 4. Anti-cancer mice were given earthworm extract l 1mg/ mouse every day for 58 days, and treated with transplanted sarcoma S 180. It has obvious inhibitory effect, which not only makes the tumor shrink obviously, but also prolongs the survival time of mice. Mice were given earthworm extract1mg every day for 6 days, and treated with transplanted solid tumor H22. It also has obvious inhibitory effect. Inoculate the dialysate of earthworm extract after dialysis with sarcoma S 180 or solid tumor EMT6. All mice have the effect of inhibiting tumor growth, and the anti-cancer effect disappears after 100℃ heating for 20min minutes. The components of earthworm dialysis can obviously inhibit thymidine (H3) infiltration in gastric cancer cell MGC803 in vitro. The component still has anti-tumor effect after heating at 56℃ for 0.5h, which shows that the effective component has small molecules and heat resistance. The toxic side effects of earthworms and the first-aid method of detoxification? Adverse Reaction Mechanism The toxic components contained in earthworm are azadirachtin (hemolytic component), lumbricus toxin (spasmolytic component), hypoxanthine (antihypertensive and antiasthmatic component), succinic acid (antitussive component) and arachidonic acid (antipyretic component). Excessive use of poisoning may produce hemolysis, increase blood pressure and then decrease blood pressure, resulting in spasm, shock and respiratory center depression. ? The clinical manifestations of adverse reactions are: incubation period of 3-6 hours, headache, dizziness, itchy lips and nose, pale face, profuse sweating, blood pressure rising first and then suddenly dropping, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, palpitation, weak pulse and dyspnea. ? Treatment and rescue? After (1) poisoning, gastric lavage was performed with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate solution, and then general antidote and medicinal charcoal were taken. You can also drink light salt water. ? (2) Intravenous infusion to promote toxin excretion. Epinephrine 1mg subcutaneously or promethazine 25mg intramuscularly. ? (3) Chinese medicine treatment:? 1) Three shallots, licorice 15g, decocted in water. ? 2) decoct 60g mung bean, 30g licorice, honeysuckle 15g, forsythia suspensa 12g and tuckahoe 9g in water twice, and take them in the morning and evening.
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