Development history of ABS technology

ABS technology was developed and patented by Horner Moore of England in 1920. As early as 1930s, ABS has been applied to the braking system of railway locomotives. ABS assembled on automobiles now is an electronic control device, which can only perform actions mechanically according to programmed procedures. If the driver doesn't understand the function of ABS, it is likely to be counterproductive. When braking, ABS can prevent the vehicle from losing its steering ability and control the braking state of the vehicle. However, it is the driver who plays a fundamental role in steering. When the driver slams on the brake pedal in an emergency, he suddenly twists the steering wheel (the instinctive action of many inexperienced or panicked people is often to twist the steering wheel). If the vehicle is not equipped with ABS, the braking system will lock up and the overreaction to the steering wheel will not work. At this time, the driver cannot control the driving direction of the vehicle through the steering wheel. However, if the ABS system is installed so that the driver can control the steering wheel, overreacting to the steering wheel in a panic situation will make the situation worse. Due to the sudden twist of the steering wheel, the car will suddenly slip and cause an accident.

The American Highway Safety Management Association (NHTSA) believes that installing ESP can greatly help drivers control vehicles. ESP (Electronic Stability Program) includes ABS and ASR, which are the functional extensions of these two systems. It can prevent the wheels from locking when braking and slipping when starting. ESP constantly detects the driving state of the vehicle, and will react quickly in case of emergency. By adjusting the braking pressure of each wheel through the hydraulic regulator, it will interfere with the traction of the engine, thus reducing the sideslip risk of the vehicle. Research shows that ESP can reduce traffic accidents by 50%.

Although ABS can't make the car reach a perfect safety state, its appearance greatly improves the safety of the car. The development and application of ABS technology is listed as the first item in the development plan of China automobile industry. As the key technology of modern automobile, ABS has broad development prospects.

At present, the Chinese government has formulated a mandatory regulation on vehicle safety GB 12676- 1999 "Structure, Performance and Test Method of Automobile Brake System", which stipulates that heavy vehicles and buses should be equipped with electronically controlled ABS first. GB7258-2004 "Technical Conditions for Motor Vehicle Operation Safety" also stipulates the vehicle type and time that must be installed. It is stipulated that long-distance buses and tourist buses with a total mass greater than 12000kg, trucks with trailers with a total mass greater than 16000kg and trailers with a total mass greater than 10000kg must be equipped with ABS.

There are many domestic units and enterprises engaged in ABS research, such as Dongfeng Motor Corporation, Chongqing Highway Research Institute, Beijing Institute of Technology, Tsinghua University, Shanghai Automobile Brake System Co., Ltd., Shandong Heavy Duty Truck Group, etc. Among them, Shandong Heavy Duty Truck Group has made some progress in introducing international advanced technology for research. The pneumatic braking FKX-ACI ABS device developed by Chongqing Highway Research Institute for medium-sized cars has passed the national technical appraisal, but its adaptability to various braking situations needs to be improved. Tsinghua University has developed a hydraulic ABS system suitable for light and small cars, and Beijing Institute of Technology and Shanghai Automotive Brake System Co., Ltd. have devoted themselves to the research of automotive hydraulic ABS system, and achieved initial results respectively.