Let's talk about the last two plans, which basically focus on establishing our own chip production system and realizing independent research and development, independent manufacturing and independent production of advanced chips. At first glance, I feel that hope is coming again, and our national industry and technology brand will continue to make great achievements, but those who know this industry must know that there is an insurmountable threshold-Wassenaar Agreement.
During the Cold War after the end of World War II, in order to prevent the Soviet Union from developing high-end weapons, at the initiative of the United States, the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Australia and other 17 countries set up an organization called Paris Coordination Committee (hereinafter referred to as Batumi) in June1949+065438+1October. With the end of the cold war, Batumi was dissolved in 1994.
1In July 1996, 33 countries, mainly western countries, signed the Wassenaar Arrangement in Vienna, Austria, and decided to implement the new control list and information exchange rules from June1/kloc-0.
"Waxie" contains two control lists: one is a list of dual-use goods and technologies, covering nine categories, including advanced materials, material processing, computers, electronic devices, sensors and lasers, navigation and avionics, telecommunications and information security, ships and offshore equipment, and propulsion systems; The other is the list of military products, covering 22 categories of weapons, ammunition, equipment and combat platforms, including all the high and new technologies you can think of.
The main countries of the Wassenaar Agreement are all developed countries in the West such as Europe and America, while China and some other developing countries are on this restricted list.
Although WAWA allows its members to control their own technology exports on a voluntary basis, in fact, the United States always takes the global security strategy into account, which makes the member countries deeply influenced by the United States in important technology export decisions and hinders the export of high and new technologies to China.
Let's talk about Huawei's independent chips and even other potential enterprises. The whole semiconductor field is limited by Wassenaar protocol, so we can't get the latest foreign technology from chip design and production. The best wafer foundry in the world is TSMC. TSMC's production process comes from mask aligner of ASML Company (ASML) in the Netherlands, with 7nm mass production and 5nm under development. China SMIC actually uses mask aligner in ASML, and now it can only output 28 nm ~+04 nm. Due to the "tile association", the advanced level is several generations behind.
In 20 17, SMIC successfully ordered 1 EUV mask aligner with 7 nm technology from ASML. Due to the obstruction of a big country, this mask aligner didn't arrive at SMIC until today.
Since mask aligner is so important, can we make it? Let's take a look at 654.38 million+parts from mask aligner, ASML, which are from global suppliers. According to the suppliers announced by ASML before, the top 654.38+07 suppliers are mainly concentrated in Europe, America, Japan and Taiwan Province Province of China, among which 9 are in the United States, 4 in Taiwan Province Province of China, 3 in Japan and 0 in Germany. Among the suppliers involved in the core components of mask aligner, lenses and light sources are from Europe and America (lenses are from Zeiss, Germany, and light sources are from cymer, USA).
Due to the limitation of Wassenaar Agreement, domestic wafer foundry companies such as SMIC cannot buy advanced mask aligner and independently produce mask aligner, so it is basically impossible for parts departments to buy the latest ones. It will be a difficult process to completely use domestic substitutes for parts and components, which involves many technical accumulations. I believe that through the passage of time and the efforts of technicians, we will certainly be able to make our science and technology walk in the forefront of the world!
Do you think that through the efforts of Huawei and other technology companies, our independent chip production can achieve overtaking in corners?