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Anesthetic psychotherapy
Psychoanalysis, also known as psychoanalysis, is generally marked by a study on hysteria published by Freud and Bluel in 1895.
I. Theoretical basis
1. Subconscious theory: Freud divided people's whole psychological activities into three parts: consciousness, pre-consciousness and subconscious.
2. Personality structure theory: Personality consists of ID, ego and superego.
3. Sexual desire theory: Freud believes that all human behaviors are driven by sexual forces. The development of sexual psychology has gone through five stages in turn:
(1) Sexual desire in infancy, including oral sex and anal sex; About 1-2 years old
(2) Sexual desire in childhood, including Oedipus and Oedipus; Age 3-6 years old.
(3) latent sexual desire, also known as early adolescence; The age is 6- 12 years old.
(4) Adolescent sexual desire is satisfied through normal sexual behavior.
4. Revision of psychoanalytic theory
The first revision was made at the beginning of this century. Adler and Jung focused on the theory of children's sexual desire. The second revision was made in 1930s-1940s, with Sullivan, Hani, Fromm and Eriksson as representatives, and neo-Freudianism was founded.
Two. Consultation method
1. Basic principle: Psychoanalysis mainly focuses on the real causes and significance of symptoms that visitors don't know. By tapping the subconscious psychological process, they can be parried into the scope of consciousness, so that visitors can truly understand the true meaning of symptoms, and then symptoms can disappear.
2. Counseling objectives: First, make the subconscious conscious, and make the subconscious conflict superficial, so as to help visitors re-recognize themselves or rebuild their personality; The second is to help visitors overcome subconscious conflicts.
3. Consulting relationship: emphasize the hidden role of the consultant and let the visitors put their emotions into the consultant.
4. Consultation process: generally divided into preparation period, preparation treatment period and treatment period 1-3.
5. Specific methods: Generally, typical methods and strategies such as free association, empathy, resistance and explanation are adopted.
Among them, dream interpretation is an important method of psychoanalysis, and "dream work" includes the following six laws:
(1) Symbolization: (1) Symbolization: use a neutral thing to symbolize and replace a taboo thing to alleviate or cause the pain or trauma of the self in the dream.
(2) Displacement: In dreams, the emotions of one object are transferred and put into another object.
(3) Cohesion: In my dream, several objects I love or hate are condensed into an image.
(4) Projection: projecting some bad wishes or ideas to others in dreams to reduce self-condemnation.
(5) Deformation: Subconscious desires or ideas are expressed in other or even opposite forms in dreams.
(6) Secondary processing
Three. Contribution and limitation
Psychoanalysis theory is the earliest developed psychological counseling model, which emphasizes the important role of subconscious in behavior and the significance of psychosomatic development in infancy. Some methods and technologies created have made positive contributions. It provides reference for the establishment of many new theories. However, because this method must be implemented by specially trained consultants, it needs to pay more time and energy to visitors, which limits its popularization; The role of one's own subconscious mind, which overemphasizes the development of infancy, especially the sexual experience of infancy, has limited this theory.