Resources, environment, and population are the three main problems facing human society today, especially environmental problems, which are posing a serious threat to the survival and development of human society. With the worsening of global environmental problems, people are paying more and more attention to the research of environmental problems. Research and practice have made people realize that environmental problems by no means exist in isolation. They are fundamentally and intrinsically linked to the two major issues of resources and population. In particular, resource issues not only involve the rational use of limited resources in the human world, but also It is also the main source of environmental problems.
In order to seek effective ways to fundamentally solve environmental pollution in the manufacturing industry, in the 1990s, with the adjustment of the global industrial structure and the deepening of human understanding of the objective, a "green" wave was launched around the world. consumption wave”. In this "green wave", designers are using more calm and rational thinking to reflect on the historical process of industrial design over the past century. Looking forward to the development direction of the new century, rather than just pursuing formal innovation. In fact, in the 1990s, the stylistic renovation seems to have come to an end, postmodernism has become a thing of the past, deconstruction is still highbrow, and industrial design needs theoretical breakthroughs. Therefore, many designers turned to explore the relationship between industrial design and human sustainable development from a deep level, trying to establish a coordinated development mechanism between people-society-environment through design activities, which marked the industrial design A major shift in development. The concept of "green design" emerged at the historic moment and has become one of the main trends in the development of industrial design today.
Green Design, also known as Ecological Design, Design for Environment, etc., refers to the use of various product-related information in the product life cycle (Technical information, environmental coordination information, economic information), a system design method that uses various advanced design theories such as parallel design to make the designed products have advanced technology, good environmental coordination and reasonable economy. . Green design focuses on the ecologically balanced relationship between man and nature, fully considers environmental benefits in every decision in the design process, and minimizes damage to the environment. For industrial design, the core of green design is the "3R", namely Reduce, Recycle and Reuse, which not only minimizes the consumption of materials and energy and reduces the emission of harmful substances, but also enables products and parts to be easily classified and recycled and recycle or reuse. Green design is not only a technical consideration, but more importantly, a conceptual change that requires designers to abandon the over-emphasis on the appearance of products and focus on innovation in the true sense. Use a more responsible method to create the shape of the product, and use a more concise and long-lasting shape to extend the service life of the product as much as possible. Green design and environmental needs - environmentally friendly products
In many countries and regions, transportation is not only the main source of air and noise pollution, but also consumes a large amount of precious energy and resources. Therefore, the green design of transportation vehicles, especially cars, has attracted much attention from designers. The continuous emergence of new technologies, new energy sources and new processes has opened up new prospects for designing environmentally friendly automobiles. Many industrial designers have actively explored this aspect, and while striving to solve environmental problems, they have also created novel and unique product images. Green design has not only become a public relations strategy for companies to create a perfect corporate image, but also caters to consumers' growing awareness of environmental protection.
Reducing pollution emissions is the most important issue in automobile green design. In terms of technology, there are two main ways to reduce exhaust pollution. One is to improve efficiency to reduce emissions, and the other is to use new clean energy.
The 2004 Prius will be the first Toyota vehicle equipped with the new high-voltage/high-volume hybrid collaborative drive system. The advantages of a full hybrid system are very obvious. More importantly, in some cases, the car can be driven entirely by electric energy, which is of great significance in terms of fuel consumption and emission reduction.
The emissions from the Hybrid Synergy Drive system are 30% lower than those of the current already very environmentally friendly Prius. It is nearly 90% lower than the exhaust gas emitted from the tail pipe of an ordinary internal combustion engine. Another very important point is that Prius completely breaks the conclusion that environmental protection and performance cannot have both. The needs of the era of green design - simple products (Reduce)
In ancient times, humans sharpened stones into knives and whittled wood into arrows, capturing the essence of creation. Through application and feeling, we make it more comfortable, but we never try to carve out the form. "Giving up" is bold, "taking" is concise. Even some decorations give profound content and serve the functional structure. With the development of industry, Bauhaus founder Gropius broke the Rococo and Renaissance architectural patterns, adapted to the strict functional requirements of the modern world and tried to save materials, costs, labor and time, and proposed the designer's mental work. The contribution lies in an orderly layout and well-proportioned volumes rather than superfluous decoration.
Green design is exactly this kind of design language that does not pay much attention to aesthetic expression or narrow sense, but green design emphasizes minimizing unnecessary material consumption. In green design, "small is beautiful" and "less is more" have new meanings. Beginning in the 1980s, a design school that pursues extreme simplicity focuses on simplifying the shape of products to the extreme. This is the so-called "Minimalism". Simple design not only achieves the design purpose in terms of function, but the most important thing is the saving of materials and the convenience of processing. Finnish design master Kai Frank said: "I don't want to design for appearance. I prefer to explore the basic functions of tableware-what is it used for? My design concept is not so much a design as a basic idea." The design purpose of focusing on product functions and "providing the public with something that everyone thinks is good" is the perfect embodiment of "green design" and "art". The most classic masterpiece of Finnish design, the white porcelain tableware series embodies the essence of Nordic design philosophy: good design means no design. The seemingly inconspicuous tableware is actually the most human-centered design.
Modern design products with simple shapes and no unnecessary decoration are not only suitable for mass production, but also greatly reduce production costs, making them affordable for most people. The classic MT8 metal table lamp with modernist design is one of the masterpieces of Bauhaus. This desk lamp makes full use of the characteristics of materials: a milky white transparent glass lampshade and a metal bracket. At the same time, its geometric parts are very suitable for mass industrial production. This modernist style classic was so successful on the market that it is still produced today. The future needs of green design - green products
The times are advancing, human living standards are improving, the pace of life is accelerating, and production efficiency is advancing by leaps and bounds. However, at the same time, we are faced with energy shortages, increasing industrial waste, and many other issues Puzzled. All these require that products that accompany human life and work should be simple, lively, novel and friendly, have a modern sense associated with the information age, and contain a spirit that is consistent with modern life.
Take the design of a new type of TV as an example:
Project description and formulation. With the increasingly prominent contradiction between the environment and production and the prevalence of green concepts, coupled with the increase in the maturity and popularity of production technology, televisions, as one of the large home appliances commonly used by people, are facing many challenges in the traditional model of production and sales. pressure. In order to improve product competitiveness and market share, it is appropriate to adopt the green design concept of sustainable development and develop healthy and pleasant green TVs.
Market research. Mainly based on online surveys, supplemented by on-site inspections, we collect TV needs and ideas in the form of questionnaires or design competitions to grasp the target audience and approximate prices; search for technological and legal information from patents and news materials to facilitate product material selection and structure For process design, investigate the corporate culture, production capacity, equipment, greenness, etc. of the production enterprise. Product and process design. The green design concept of sustainable development requires that product design should comprehensively consider various factors such as environment, materials, technology, shape, use environment, consumer psychology, etc., and take environmental affinity, rationality of use, and consumer psychological satisfaction as the Development focus.
⑴Design positioning: After summarizing the information, we have positioned the user group mainly at young and middle-aged people who are just starting a family, and the price is between RMB 1,000-3,000. They are in a period of high energy, rich income, and tense life. For them, TV is not only a tool to obtain information and enrich their lives, but also an effective channel to take a rest after meals and relieve the stress of life. Therefore, they are particularly concerned about the health and safety of TV sets and the cultural aspects reflected in their appearance.
⑵ Design plan: After creative integration and the participation of colleagues from various departments, this set of plans was established.
A. Environmental factors:
a Materials - Mainly made of fully recyclable polycarbonate, with wooden shell; due to technical limitations, some toxic and harmful materials are integrated in the module. The outer packaging is made of recyclable paper and lined with bubble-type shock-proof material.
b Structural technology - through a detachable and recyclable modular design, the entire product becomes several parts that are easy to disassemble, making it easy to assemble, disassemble, repair, and recycle.
c Production and processing - focus on the environment and resource attributes of the production process, and lightly process wooden materials.
d Transportation and sales - Improve transportation efficiency and appropriately expand production outlets; immediately remove the packaging after the goods arrive and ship them back for use.
e Use - eliminate radiation pollution and adopt new technology to save energy.
f Maintenance and service - modular production of parts, coupled with easy-to-disassemble structures, are spread throughout the outlets to create excellent services for consumers.
g Recycling and processing - Prioritize the reuse of recycled parts, maximize the recycling rate of materials, innovate waste processing technology, and reduce its impact on the environment.
B Human physiological factors;
Using advanced non-radiation technologies such as liquid crystal (LCA) to ensure human health; set reference values ??such as TV placement height, tilt, viewing distance, etc.; The remote control, buttons, etc. are ergonomically designed to ensure a large degree of freedom and are easy to grasp and use. C Human psychological factors:
This work is named "Painting", which profoundly explains the perfect meaning of its shape and function: the color TV screen is like a Chinese painting placed on its side, flat and with appropriate proportions; "It is two interchangeable speakers to create a stereo effect; the wooden base with built-in electronic devices is balanced and stable. In addition, the remote control of the color TV is exquisite in shape and elegant in style.
This green TV fully reflects the advantages that future TVs should have. It adopts environmentally friendly and energy-saving material processing, parts manufacturing, and assembly processes in the manufacturing process, and carefully considers the impact of the working environment of the production department on people's physiology and psychology, fully demonstrating the direction of green future products. This not only complies with the requirements of laws and regulations, but also reflects human morality and ethics.