Bern: Bern is located in the west of the central part of Swiss territory. 1848 the federal constitution has designated it as the Swiss capital, also known as the "federal city" and the capital of bern state. It covers an area of more than 230 square kilometers (including suburbs), with an urban population of124,000 and an altitude of 550 meters. It is located at a natural bend of the Rhine River, surrounded on three sides by a swift river. Legend has it that Duke Zalingen, the ruler at that time, decided to go hunting in order to name the city. He named the city after the first wild animal he hit, and killed a bear, so he named the city after the word "bear". The name Bern comes from the German word "bear", which is pronounced as "Bayer" in German and then gradually changed to "Bern". "Bear" naturally became Bern.
The city of Bern was founded in the12nd century and in the18th century, with a history of 800 years. Some of the original wooden buildings in the old city of Bern were destroyed by many fires in the Middle Ages, and later they were rebuilt into stone structures, which are still intact: the carriage lanes paved with gravel, the long arches connected with each other on both sides of the street, the ancient houses with red tiles and white walls, and the colorful street fountain columns all have allusions. /kloc-the bell tower in the 6th century and the late Gothic Cathedral built in 142 1 make Bern look antique and retain the characteristics of the Middle Ages. Now the main streets are divided into pedestrian areas, and the environment is very quiet. The ancient city of Bern is listed as a world famous cultural city by UNESCO.
Switzerland has no fixed capital for a long time. 1On October 28th, Bern was designated as the federal capital of Switzerland and became the seat of the federal government and the national political and diplomatic center. The federal government and the federal parliament are located in the copper-green federal building on the north bank of Arne River, which is a group of large palace-style buildings built of granite. Built in 1852- 1857, the left and right wings of the building are the office buildings of various federal ministries, and below the middle dome are the conference halls of the two houses of the federal parliament. The building was expanded in 1894- 1902, renovated again in 1993, and electronic voting equipment was added.
Due to the public's opposition to noise and terrain, Bern did not build a large airport, but built a small airport with flights to major cities in Western Europe. Bern has expressways leading to all parts of the country and is also one of the national railway hubs.
After World War II, Bern's machinery, instruments, electrical appliances, pharmaceuticals, textiles, food, construction, printing and other industries have developed year by year, but they are all small and medium-sized enterprises, which do not occupy an important position in the Swiss economy. Bern is mainly an administrative and financial center as well as a cultural and tourist city. The University of Bern, one of the oldest universities in the city, was founded in 1834 and is famous for studying cosmic rays. In addition, Bern is famous for its research on cosmic rays.
Historically, many revolutionary activists lived in Bern. Engels went to Bern in the autumn of 1848 to guide the Swiss workers' movement. Lenin was also in Zimmerwald and Kuntar near Bern from September 19 14 to 19 16 earlier. He also wrote many articles to expose opportunistic traitors of the Second International. Einstein, a famous physicist, used his spare time to study physics during his work in Berne's Federal Patent Office and published his masterpiece Relativity, which Berne is proud of, and still retains Einstein's residence (now it has been turned into a museum).
Zurich: Zurich, the capital of zurich state, is located on the north bank of Lake Zurich. 1By the end of 1997, the urban population was 338,000, of which foreigners accounted for 27.9%. It is the largest city in Switzerland with a history of 2000 years. It is not only the largest financial and commercial center in China, but also an important cultural city in Switzerland, with the transportation and service industries ranking first in China.
Zurich is an important international financial center and one of the gold markets. There are more than 350 banks and bank branches here, including nearly 70 foreign banks. The prestigious Zurich Stock Exchange was established at 1876, and its turnover ranks among the top in Western Europe. At the peak, 70% of securities transactions were conducted here. Swiss Stock Exchange is the only exchange in the world with fully automatic trading and clearing system. Its advanced equipment and high-quality talents provide investors with quality services. Zurich's gold market is more famous. In recent years, its position in the gold market has declined, and it has become the second largest gold market in the world after London in the 1960s.
Zurich is located in the traffic artery, and the industry and commerce in the city and its surrounding areas have been prosperous for a long time, especially the silk industry has developed rapidly. Now it mainly includes machinery manufacturing, construction, textile, chemical industry, electronics, printing and food processing. Railway Station Street on the west side of Lima River in downtown is the most prosperous commercial street in the city, with hundreds of banks and numerous high-end shops, including jewelry, watches, furs, high-end clothes, cultural relics and antiques.
Zurich is the hub of domestic and international transportation in Switzerland, with expressways extending in all directions. China's largest railway station and airport are located here, with more than 700 trains passing in and out every day. The airport has tens of millions of passengers every year. Swissair and China Civil Aviation have several flights between Zurich, Beijing and Shanghai every week.
Zurich is also one of the centers of Swiss culture, education and scientific research. The "Fulao" church on the bank of Zurich Lake was built in 853 AD, which is a typical Romanesque building. Not far from the church, it is the most beautiful baroque building in the city, which is the former wine industry association. On the other side of the river, the building opposite the "Fulao" church is Zurich Cathedral, with a pair of towering towers built in15th century. It is an important symbol of Zurich. City Hall is a magnificent Italian Renaissance-style building. Zurich has more than 50 museums and galleries. The Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and the University of Zurich are world-famous institutions of higher learning. About half of the nearly 1,000 students I have studied in Switzerland study in these two schools. The Swiss National Museum and Library are also located here. Lenin 19 16- 198.
Zurich became a sister city with Kunming on 1982. Zurich has given assistance to public transport and sewage treatment in Kunming.
1988 China establishes consulate general in Zurich.
Geneva: Geneva, the capital of Geneva, is located on the lakeside of Lemmon, with pleasant scenery. It borders France on the north, west and south, surrounded by mountains and water. The scenery is beautiful, with no heat in summer and no cold in winter. The hottest July average temperature 19 degrees Celsius, and the coldest 1 month average temperature is about 0 degrees Celsius. At the end of 1997, the population of Geneva was 197.
Geneva has been an important commercial center in Europe since 12 century, and now it is the second largest financial market in Switzerland, with more than 120 banks.
Geneva, especially famous for its location of international organizations and international conference city, is the city with the largest number of United Nations agencies and international organizations after new york. According to statistics, there are 243 international institutions, which can be roughly divided into three categories: first, United Nations institutions, such as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Trade Organization, the World Health Organization, etc. Second, intergovernmental organizations, such as CERN and EFTA; Third, non-governmental organizations, such as the Inter-Parliamentary Union, the International Federation for the Defence of Children and the International Red Cross. The famous Palais des Nations, once the seat of the League of Nations, is now the headquarters of the United Nations in Europe and one of the important centers of multilateral diplomatic activities. Many important international conferences on international disarmament, trade, labor, health, meteorology, telecommunications, human rights and other issues related to world peace, economic development and social progress have been held here. Nearly 65,438+030 countries have permanent representatives to the United Nations and other international organizations here. China established its Consulate General in Geneva in 1954, and changed it into a permanent representative office to the United Nations and other international organizations in 1972.
From 6: 438 to 9: 54, Premier Zhou led a delegation to attend the Geneva Conference on Vietnam. 196 1 year, Vice Premier Chen Yi led a delegation to attend the Geneva Conference on Laos.
Geneva is a famous tourist destination in Switzerland, with many places of interest. Rousseau, a French enlightenment thinker, was born in an old house in the old city. Byron, an English poet, lived in a villa named Dior Dida in Coloni in 2006. Not far from this villa is the former residence of British romantic poet Shelley.
The famous International Religious Reform Monument, Saint Pierre Cathedral, Grand Theatre, Museum of Art and History, Geneva University, etc. Geneva is worth visiting. It's more interesting to go boating on Lake Lemmon when it's sunny.
Basel: Basel is located at the junction of Switzerland, France and Germany, with an area of 37 square kilometers and an urban population of 1.7 1 10,000. It is the third largest city in China. Because of the Rhine River, medieval Basel played an important role in European trade. Due to the urban-rural war of 1.833, it was divided into two and a half states, namely, Basel (city) in the north and Basel (township) in the south.
From the beginning of19th century, Basel gradually developed into an industrial city. At present, the main industries are chemical medicine, machinery, cement, textile, food, clocks and watches, metallurgy and so on. World-famous chemical groups such as Novartis and Roche are located in Basel, making it the center of Swiss chemical industry. The employees of these two groups account for almost half of the employed population in the city.
Basel is also one of the important financial markets in Switzerland, where the Bank for International Settlements and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development are located.
Basel is not only the railway hub of Switzerland, but also the only river port leading to the sea. The annual cargo throughput accounts for half of all Swiss foreign trade freight volume.
University of basel is the oldest Swiss university with a history of more than 500 years. Gothic Basle Cathedral was built in14th century, which is magnificent and unique. St Martin's Cathedral is a building from the 0 th century to 14 th century. The city hall of Basel was built in16th century, with high walls of ochre. There are exquisite color paintings drawn by famous Swiss painters in ancient times. Venus Hotel in the city is the oldest hotel in Switzerland. It was built in 14 12 and painted with late Gothic color patterns. The Basel Museum of Fine Arts is quite famous in Europe, exhibiting the works of famous Swiss painters and sculptors and a large number of modern paintings. The Basel Expo * * located in the city center has four large exhibition halls. Indoor exhibition area 1.4 million square meters, outdoor exhibition area 1.0 million square meters. Every spring, an international exposition is held. Built in 1984, the Basel Radio and Television Tower is 250 meters high and is the tallest building in Switzerland at present.
Lausanne: Lausanne is the capital of Vaud, located on the lakeside of Lemmon. Its urban population is1.2000, making it the fifth largest city in Switzerland, mainly speaking French.
Lausanne, one explanation is "water flow" and the other is "stone". In the Middle Ages, Lausanne became the political, economic and religious center of this region. 1938+0803 was decided by the Parliament of Vaud to become the capital of Vaud.
/kloc-at the end of 0/9, the emergence of railways made Lausanne the most important transportation hub in French-speaking Switzerland. Lausanne is the concentration of industries in Vaud. The main industries are precision machinery, chemicals, food, printing and so on.
There are two universities in Lausanne (Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne and University of Lausanne), as well as the Higher Trade School, Conservatory of Music and Normal School. Lausanne Hotel Management College is quite famous in the world.
Lausanne, with its mild climate, beautiful scenery and rolling mountains, is one of the tourist attractions in Switzerland. Tourism is an important source of income. The main tourist attractions are 12 century Gothic Cathedral? (x) The skeleton of the gang? Saint Francois' Church in the 3rd century, City Hall, Saint Mel's Castle in the 4th century/KLOC-0, a natural convalescent station, and Lou Minar Palace built in the 9th century/KLOC-0, a large number of collections are exhibited all the year round. The Roman Museum in Di Wei District, west of the city, has a collection of cultural relics about the ancient Roman port of Luzona, as well as the ancient city museum, the Wavo History Museum, the Art Museum and the Natural History Museum.
Since 1874, the Swiss federal constitution stipulated Lausanne as the seat of the highest federal judicial institution, the federal court has been located here.
Lausanne used to be a city where foreign exiles gathered, such as Marie in France. Queen Louise, three brothers Napoleon, Italian charcoal burners, Russian revolutionaries and later Belarus. Many historical and cultural celebrities have also lived here, such as Micko Wirtz, Shelley, Byron, Dickens, Dumas and Hugo.
Lausanne is the headquarters of the International Olympic Committee and has an Olympic Museum.
Lucerne: Lucerne, the capital of Lucerne, is located in the central plateau of Switzerland, northwest of Lake Lucerne and southwest of Zurich. The Louis River runs through the city. The population is about 70,000, mainly speaking German. Originally a fishing village, Lucerne was built in the 8th century and l 178. 1230 after the opening of the Gotha tunnel, it became a connection.
Lucerne, with beautiful natural scenery and developed tourism, is a convalescent and tourist resort in Switzerland. There are seven bridges connecting the old town on the right bank of the river and the new town on the left bank of the river, two of which are beautifully decorated. The largest wooden bridge and the water tower connected with it were built in 1300. It is the oldest wooden bridge in Europe, and it has become the symbol of the city and the pride of the Swiss with its historical and aesthetic value. Unfortunately, this wooden bridge was destroyed by fire overnight at 1993, and it was rebuilt the following year. There are14th century city walls and Renaissance buildings in the old city, town hall of the old city (1602- 1606), history museum, traffic museum, etc. The glacier park in the city has the remains of glaciers 20,000 years ago, and there are exhibitions about the ice age.