The chemical composition of graphite (Graphite) is mainly a single carbon (C) element (the same composition as diamond), and it is a natural element mineral. Because carbon is a non-metallic element, it is said to be a non-metallic mineral; but it has the electrical and thermal conductivity properties of metallic materials, and has the same plasticity as organic plastics, and also has special thermal properties, chemical stability, lubrication and coating It has some good process properties such as being applied on solid surfaces. Therefore, graphite has been widely used in many industrial sectors such as metallurgy, machinery, electrical, chemical, textile, light industry, construction and national defense.
Application fields of graphite products
1. Metallurgical industry, mainly used as refractory materials;
2. Foundry industry, used as molds and anti-rust coatings;
3. In the electrical industry, it is used to produce carbon electrodes, electrode carbon rods, and batteries. The graphite emulsion can be used as coating for TV picture tubes, and the carbon products can be used in generators and motors. , communication equipment and many other aspects
4. Machinery industry, used as a lubricant for high-speed running machinery such as aircraft, ships, trains, etc.;
5. Chemical industry, used to manufacture various Anti-corrosion utensils and equipment;
6. Nuclear industry, used as neutron moderator and protective materials in atomic reactors;
7. Aerospace industry, used as rocket engine tail Nozzle throat lining, heat insulation and heat-resistant materials for rockets and missiles, as well as radio connection signals and conductive structural materials on artificial satellites.
8. Polishing agent and rust inhibitor for glass and paper in light industry, raw material for manufacturing pencils, ink, black paint, ink and artificial diamond.
3. Graphite resource distribution
1. Global graphite resource distribution
Graphite resources are widely distributed in the world, including Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. , there are graphite deposits in Oceania, but Asia produces the most graphite. Except for a few countries such as China that have large deposits, they are generally medium and small deposits. Countries with distribution of graphite resources in the world: China, Mexico, South Korea, the former Soviet Union, Madagascar, Brazil, Canada, Austria, Norway, Germany, Sri Lanka, Czech Republic, India, Kenya, Pakistan, South Africa, Yugoslavia, Romania, Sweden, and the United States. Graphite minerals are relatively concentrated in a few countries. Crystalline graphite ores are mainly found in China, Ukraine, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Brazil and other countries. Madagascar is rich in large flake graphite, and Sri Lanka is rich in high-grade dense block graphite. Cryptocrystalline graphite ores are mainly distributed in India, South Korea, Mexico and Austria and other countries. Most countries only produce one kind of graphite, and the size of their deposits is mostly medium or small. Only four or five countries, including China, produce both crystalline and cryptocrystalline graphite, and there are many large deposits.
China’s graphite reserves rank first in the world. As of the end of 1996: the country's cumulative proven B C D grade crystalline graphite mineral reserves were 177.01 million tons and cryptocrystalline graphite ore reserves were 48.53 million tons, totaling 225.54 million tons;
2. my country's graphite resources Situation my country is rich in graphite mine resources. Graphite has good geological conditions for forming, wide distribution, large reserves and good quality. It is one of my country's advantageous minerals.
As of the end of 1996, more than 200 graphite mineral deposits have been discovered in China, of which 106 have proven reserves. The graphite mineral deposits with retained reserves are distributed in 22 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions. , China's graphite minerals are both widely distributed and relatively concentrated, which not only facilitates the establishment of small and medium-sized graphite enterprises in various places, but also creates conditions for the centralized construction of large-scale graphite production bases.
IV. Graphite listed companies
1. Fangda Carbon (600516):
The company is currently the only company in China that can produce ultra-high power graphite electrodes above Φ500mm. It is one of several enterprises in China and the only enterprise in China that has mastered the mature production technology of microporous carbon bricks and semi-graphite carbon bricks, has the corresponding equipment conditions, and has certain supporting mass production capabilities.
The company's main business is carbon products and iron ore. Carbon products include graphite electrodes, carbon bricks, and isostatic graphite. The company is the largest graphite electrode manufacturer in China, with a production capacity of nearly 200,000 tons, ranking first in Asia. First and third in the world, graphite electrodes are the largest source of revenue. The company's new carbon materials have a full range of varieties and strong profitability, and are widely used in metallurgy, military industry, aviation, nuclear power and other fields. Among them, the company has multiple patents on carbon bricks, which has a strong competitive advantage.
2. Sinosteel Jitan (000928):
The company is the largest comprehensive carbon product manufacturer in the country and one of the top four international carbon companies, with more than 150,000 tons of carbon products. Production capacity, products are sold to more than 300 domestic companies, and also exported to 40 countries and regions such as Europe, America, and Southeast Asia. The company has become the largest manufacturer of graphite products in China. The successful development of the 700mm large ultra-high power graphite electrode has broken the foreign monopoly on the large-sized ultra-high power market. At present, the only designated manufacturer of military carbon fiber in my country is Jilin Shenzhou Carbon Fiber Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sinosteel Jitan. It is currently the largest carbon fiber scientific research and production base in China, with strong scientific and technological strength and high scientific research level.