Feeding techniques of southern buffalo
Feed type: Buffalo mainly uses green feed, supplemented by concentrated feed. Grass and feed should be sufficient and reasonably matched to meet the growth, development and production needs of buffaloes. Usually there is enough green material, and some concentrate is added when milk is produced.
Feed source: Buffalo can eat a lot of roughage, which is relatively extensive. -Generally, dry straw is fed in winter, and grass is fed in spring, summer and autumn. In the case of grazing or house feeding, green roughage can generally meet the nutritional needs, heavy service should be supplemented with concentrate, and high-yield milk buffalo should be fed with more concentrate.
L. Planting grass: 0.067 hectares of elephant grass should be planted for each L cow.
2. Feed silage: cut sugarcane tails, grass, etc. Cut into 2-3cm lengths, and seal to make silage.
3. Ammonification of straw: cut the straw into 2-3 cm long, and ammoniate it according to the ratio of 50-60 kg of water and 3-5 kg of urea per 100 kg of straw.
4, management technology: pay attention to feeding technology, thoughtful and meticulous management. Feeding should be regular and quantitative, and feeding times should be less. Feed should be clean and fresh, without impurities. There should be a transition time of L weeks for changing feed, and sufficient drinking water should be ensured. Don't feed rotten, moldy or polluted feed and dirty and smelly water. Because buffalo's thermoregulation ability is not strong, we should pay special attention to cold and heatstroke prevention. Give plenty of bath water in summer and roll mud in the pond. The mud layer on your body can not only prevent direct sunlight, but also avoid mosquito bites.
Living habits of southern buffalo
Except Celeber wild buffaloes often move alone or in pairs, others form small groups or even large groups of hundreds of people. They like to roll in the mire to cool down and prevent insect bites. Buffalo eat in the morning and evening, and the main food is grass, leaves and aquatic plants. A keen sense and a developed sense of smell.
Asian buffalo was domesticated around 4000 BC. Many Asian countries use them as draught animals.
Domestic buffalo is domesticated from wild buffalo, which may have a history of about 5000 years. Up to now, the hybridization between wild buffalo bulls and domestic buffalo cows is still useful as a means of renewing blood. With keen senses and developed sense of smell, some people think that sense of smell plays an important role in domestication. Thick skin, short and sparse coat. Sweat glands are underdeveloped, only about 1/6 of cattle, and the heat regulation function is poor. Sex with love the water, often wallowing in the pond to cool off. The shape is stout, and the weight of large individuals can even reach 1 ton. Gentle and easy to manage.
The value of southern buffalo
Buffalo milk has higher fat content than milk, so it is easier to preserve. Italy's famous mozzarella cheese and double skin milk popular in the Pearl River Delta are both made of water emulsion.
Although the yield of buffalo milk is low, the contents of protein, amino acids, milk fat, vitamins and trace elements in buffalo milk are higher than those in black-and-white cow milk. According to the determination of relevant national scientific research departments, buffalo milk is of excellent quality, which is the best in milk, and its value is twice that of black-and-white cow milk. It is a nutritious food suitable for children's growth and development and anti-aging, especially rich in zinc, iron, calcium, amino acids and vitamins.
Buffalo milk is a local specialty. Mainly distributed in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Zhejiang and other provinces 14. Guangdong people are familiar with ginger milk and double skin milk. , must be made of water and milk. Buffalo milk has high nutritional value, and the dry matter content is as high as 18.4%, which is nearly 50% higher than that of ordinary black and white cattle. The fat content of milk is 7.9%, while that of ordinary milk is generally 3%~3.5%. It is rich in flavor, low in cholesterol, rich in vitamins and trace elements, especially high in casein, and can be used for deep processing of high-quality dairy products. As a component with commercial value, buffalo milk contains several times as much fat, protein and lactose as buffalo milk, and dozens of times as many minerals and vitamins as buffalo milk and human milk. As a kind of advanced nutritious food, buffalo milk products are becoming the "new favorite" of people's consumption.
Total solids is an important index of dairy products, representing the total nutritional content. According to experts' research, the dry matter content of buffalo milk is 18.9%, which is higher than that of black-and-white cow milk and human milk by 19% and 27% respectively. The content of protein and fat is 1.5 to 3 times that of black and white milk and human milk, respectively. Buffalo milk has good emulsifying properties. 100 kg buffalo milk can produce 25 kg cheese, while the same amount of black and white milk can only produce 12.5 kg cheese.
In addition, the mineral content and vitamin content of buffalo milk are also better than those of black-and-white cow milk and human milk, and the contents of iron and vitamin A are about 80 times and 40 times higher than those of black-and-white cow milk respectively, so buffalo milk is considered as one of the best calcium and phosphorus supplements.
Buffalo milk is thick, fragrant and delicious when drunk directly. Because of the good quality, the prices of buffalo milk and dairy products are also higher than milk. In Guangxi, the main producing area of buffalo in China, the purchase price of fresh buffalo milk per kilogram is 4 yuan, while the black-and-white cow milk is only 1.5 yuan -2 yuan; In Italy, the price of buffalo milk is three times that of black and white milk, the former is per kilogram 1 USD, the latter is 0.3 USD, and buffalo cheese is 25 USD per kilogram, which is nearly four times that of black and white milk cheese.
The development of buffalo products in the world is mainly located in high value-added dairy products, such as cheese. It has also developed into pure dairy products with large market capacity and high quality or milk-containing beverages such as sterilized milk and yogurt. Yang Bingzhuang, director of Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that there are more than 22 million buffaloes in China. In Guangdong and Fujian, commercial buffalo processing has a history of 400 years, and the main products are traditional yogurt in China. As early as the end of 19, farmers in southern China took local buffalo milking as a sideline, and made flavored products such as "milk cake", "milk tofu", "milk skin" and "ginger milk" for sale, forming a traditional snack that has been handed down to this day. There are 18 enterprises involved in buffalo milk processing in China, accounting for about 20% of the national buffalo milk production, and buffalo milk products are exported to Southeast Asian countries.
The number of Asian buffaloes is about 65.438+0.68 billion, accounting for 97% of the total number of buffaloes in the world. The buffalo industry in India, Pakistan and other countries is in the forefront of the world. Many countries, such as China, the Philippines, Myanmar, Thailand and so on. Trying to turn buffalo into milk or meat. Some countries in the world that didn't have buffaloes before, such as the United States and Britain, also began to introduce buffaloes for milk production.