In most cases, the ownership of assets is clear, because theoretically, companies are independent from each other in terms of property, no matter how complicated they are.
For example, the poster gave this example. When Sany Heavy Industry's shares are listed, it will list its patents, trademarks, land use rights, real estate, major equipment and other important assets in its prospectus. In particular, it should be noted that its own assets are independent of Sany Group. Therefore, the assets between the two companies are usually not commingled. What Sany Group owns is equity in Sany shares rather than assets. As for the controlling relationship, it can also be clarified. In the prospectus, a control relationship diagram between the controlling shareholder and the actual controller will be drawn. The equity relationship will be very clear in that diagram. As for patents, it is the simplest. There is a special patent search on the website of the State Intellectual Property Office, and you can just find out who the right holder is.