Since it came out a hundred years ago, the application field of activated carbon has been expanding day by day, and the number of applications has been increasing.
Looking back at the application history of carbon, the records are as follows: (1) BC 1550, Egypt once again set a record; (2) From 460 to 359 BC, Hippocrates in Greece was used to treat epilepsy; (3)
15 18~ 1593, China and Li Shizhen mentioned that it is used to treat diseases (4).
1993 external treatment of ulcers; (5)
1794 decoloration of British state-owned sugar mills.
The above examples all use charcoal, not activated carbon.
As an artificial material, activated carbon was invented in 1900 and 190 1 year. Inventor Raphael.
From ...
Ostrico, obtained British patent B.P.14224 (1900); British patent B.P. 18040( 1900) German patent G.P.136792 (1901).
He invented activated carbon, which carbonizes raw materials from plants with metal chloride, or reacts with carbonized materials with carbon dioxide or water vapor.
19 1 1 was first used in industrial production in a factory near Vienna. At that time, the product was powdered activated carbon with the trade name Epomit. In the same year, Norite was listed in the Netherlands; Carboraffin in Czechoslovakia.
(yurts. U.S. Patent No.290656.
Looking back on the history of the application of activated carbon in the world in the past hundred years, it can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) The first stage, from the beginning of the 20th century to the 1920s, is the embryonic stage; (2) The second stage, from the mid-1920s to the mid-growth period; (3) The third stage, from the middle of the 20th century to the end of the 20th century, is a development stage, which has developed to the stage of environmental protection application.
These three stages can use two historical events in the application of activated carbon.
As a dividing line.
The first major event was the application of activated carbon gas masks in World War I in the 1920s.
It can be used as the dividing line between the first stage and the second stage of the application history of activated carbon.
Activated carbon is a very good adsorbent, which is made of charcoal, bamboo charcoal, various fruit shells and high-quality coal by physical and chemical methods, through a series of processes such as crushing, sieving, catalyst activation, rinsing, drying and sieving.
It has the dual characteristics of physical adsorption and chemical adsorption, and can selectively adsorb various substances in gas phase and liquid phase, thus achieving the purposes of decolorization, purification, disinfection and deodorization, and decontamination.
The inspection standard can meet the Chinese national standard GB, and can also meet other national standards, such as American ASTM, JIS and German DIN standards.
The main application of activated carbon in the early stage gradually replaced the original bone charcoal in the sugar industry.
Particles that appeared in the First World War in the 1920s were widely used in gas masks.
This is a glorious page in the history of industrial chemistry.
At that time, Norit in the Netherlands and businessmen from Czechoslovakia, Germany = France = Switzerland and other countries had set up joint companies, which shows that activated carbon sprouted in Europe is also a promising emerging industry.
With the popularization of gas masks, the history of activated carbon has entered the second stage, the market of activated carbon has been expanding, the adsorption and catalytic functions of activated carbon have been developed in many industries, and activated carbon factories in the United States and other countries have been opened one after another.
Activated carbon is considered as a "universal adsorbent", and its application has been expanding in the middle of the 20th century.
The second important thing is the removal of activated carbon, which was used to deodorize hundreds of waterworks in the 1940s.
This is the dividing line between the second stage and the third stage of the application history of activated carbon.
During the period of 1927, a foul smell accident of tap water occurred in Chicago Waterworks in the United States, which was unacceptable to residents. This is caused by the odor produced by chlorine used for disinfection in raw water.
The same accident happened in waterworks in Germany and other places, all of which were solved by activated carbon.
Since then, with the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, government decrees have become increasingly strict.
The consumption of activated carbon increased sharply, not only in water purification, but also in clean gas, which made the environmental protection industry a major application of activated carbon in the second half of the 20th century.
Thus, the history of activated carbon has entered the third stage, that is, the development stage.
The application history of activated carbon in China can be divided into three stages.
(1) In the first stage, before the 1940s, activated carbon was widely used in China's pharmaceutical and chemical industries, and all of them were imported products, such as Carboraffin brand activated carbon.
(2) In the second stage, domestic activated carbon was listed in the early 1950s.
195 1, Shenyang Fushun single-tube furnace factory, Qingdao reverberatory furnace smoldering factory, excellent electric heating activation factory, followed by zinc chloride activation factory, which is located in the annex of 1958, Hangzhou, Guangzhou, Yantai, Northeast China and other places. 1966, Taiyuan kaislip activation plant.
In addition, there are many factories, such as converters and grate furnaces.
The total production capacity soared from 30 to 50 tons of 195 1 to nearly100000 tons in the 1980s.
Production and application promote each other, and the application scope of activated carbon expands rapidly.
From the original single universal carbon to a variety of special carbon, such as water purification carbon, sugar carbon, monosodium glutamate carbon, grease carbon, gold carbon, carrier carbon, injection carbon, reagent carbon and so on. It shows that the application of activated carbon is increasing rapidly due to the vigorous development of domestic economy, and the export volume is increasing due to the expansion of output and the decrease of Chen Ben.
The application of activated carbon in China has not only developed in the domestic market, but also entered the international market.