Such as medical care, transportation, consulting, finance and trade, tourism, education and so on. The provision of services can include: activities completed on tangible products provided to customers (such as cars under maintenance); Activities completed on intangible products provided to customers (such as income statement required for preparing tax returns); Deliver intangible products (such as providing knowledge transfer information); Create an atmosphere for customers, eg in hotels and restaurants. Service features include: safety, confidentiality, comfortable environment, credit, courtesy and waiting time. -Software consists of information, which is an intellectual creation composed of information that supports media expression. It is usually an intangible product, which can exist in the form of methods, records or procedures. Such as computer programs, dictionaries, information records, etc. -Hardware Hardware is usually a tangible product, which is a discontinuous product with a specific shape. Such as televisions, components, buildings and mechanical parts. Their quantities have counting characteristics, which are usually described by counting characteristics. -Process materials Process materials are usually tangible products that transform raw materials into a specific state, which may be fluid, gas, particles or ribbon. Such as lubricating oil and cloth, its quantity has continuous characteristics and is often described by metering characteristics. A product can be composed of two or more different categories of products, and the differentiation of product categories (services, software, hardware or process materials) depends on its dominant components. For example, the foreign product "automobile" consists of hardware (such as tires), process materials (such as fuel and coolant), software (such as engine control software and driver's manual) and services (such as operating instructions made by sales staff). Hardware and process materials are usually called goods. Whether it is called hardware or service depends mainly on the dominant components of the product. For example, passenger airlines mainly provide aviation services for passengers, but they also provide snacks, drinks and other hardware during the flight. Quality assurance mainly focuses on expected products. This definition shows that product is a broad concept, which can be the final product delivered to customers, or the semi-finished products and purchased parts in the production process. Quality management pays attention to expected products. Unexpected products refer to waste liquid, waste gas, waste materials and other substances that may cause environmental pollution in the process of producing expected products, which do not belong to the category of quality management, but to the category of environmental management system. Some people understand products as commodities, but it is actually inaccurate.
What are tangible goods and intangible goods
Commodity refers to the labor products used for exchange. Tangible goods, according to the usual understanding, refer to labor products that have physical form and can bring economic benefits through exchange. Compared with tangible goods, intangible goods is a concept that is gradually recognized in development. To a great extent, it embodies the requirements of contemporary economic development, scientific and technological level and economic management, and its extension is not fixed. Until today, people have not reached a unified understanding of it. We believe that the so-called intangible goods refer to intangible labor products and paid economic words and deeds that make all tangible resources have value and use value attributes through materialized and non-materialized transformation.
This definition can be understood from the following aspects: First, the functional object of intangible goods is tangible resources. Intangible goods are produced on the basis of tangible resources, and tangible resources are the premise of producing intangible goods. Without tangible resources, it is impossible to produce intangible goods. Tangible resources are carriers of intangible goods. Without tangible resources, intangible goods are out of the question. Second, intangible goods can be transformed from tangible resources into material and intangible forms. Third, all commodities must have both use value and value. As one of the basic forms of goods, intangible goods also have use value and value, among which use value is the natural attribute and the most basic attribute of intangible goods; Value is the social attribute of intangible goods. Fourth, intangible goods include not only intangible labor products, but also paid economic words and deeds, such as paid lawyer defense, paid evaluation and paid consultation in legal consulting industry, paid housekeeping, paid intermediary, paid shopping guide and paid beauty in service industry, etc. We believe that in economic words and deeds, only those who pay can be regarded as intangible goods. If they are free and have no excess income, they cannot be regarded as intangible goods.
What is a tangible commodity? What is an intangible commodity?
Intangible goods are mainly service products, such as tourist tickets, electronic tickets, online insurance, online remittance, digital cards, online education and other computer software, entertainment products consumption, reservation, payment, information services and so on. Both supply and demand sides can directly realize online transactions, also known as direct e-commerce tangible goods: there are many: some things you usually buy are tangible goods!
What intangible goods are there?
Software, movies, music and e-books are many, many.
What is the difference between tangible products and intangible products?
For example, if you buy a dress on Taobao, the clothes you buy are fashionable products, and the courier service that delivers the clothes to you is intangible products.
What is the intangible product of sports? What are the characteristics of sports intangible products?
I. General Theory of Sports Intangible Assets As an important element of sports economy, sports intangible assets play a very important role in the development of sports. In-depth study of sports intangible assets, extensive and reasonable development of sports intangible assets, good use and management of intangible assets, and formulation of scientific and standardized relevant policies are of great significance for accelerating the development of sports in China. (a) the concept, categories and characteristics of sports intangible assets 1. Analysis on the essence of sports intangible assets Intangible assets refer to assets or economic resources without physical form, as opposed to tangible assets. The essence of sports intangible assets has the following points: (1) Sports intangible assets are sports economic resources ① Sports intangible assets are an objective wealth of human society; ② Sports intangible assets are the necessary conditions for providing sports services and sports services; ③ Sports intangible assets are the result of certain economic factors; ④ Sports intangible assets are regulated by market rules. (2) Sports intangible assets can produce sports economic benefits. The function of sports intangible assets is to promote the realization of sports services and produce economic effects. By comparing the economic effect and economic input, we can judge the economic benefit of sports intangible assets. (3) The value of sports intangible assets can be measured by money. On the one hand, there must be a relationship between supply and demand of scarce economic resources needed by society, which will be reflected by the exchange of money. On the other hand, what enters the market is the intangible assets of sports. The premise of market transaction is commodity transaction, and the value of commodity is expressed by the amount of money. (4) Sports intangible assets are a kind of scarce sports economic resources. The reasons are as follows: ① the supply of sports intangible assets is paid; ② The formation of sports intangible assets is uncertain; ③ The supply of sports intangible assets is limited. Based on the above factors, the definition of sports intangible assets is as follows: sports intangible assets are sports assets that can produce sports economic benefits, have sports economic value and can be directly or indirectly measured in money. Sports intangible assets generally exist in the form of privileges, rights, knowledge, technology and skills. 2. The category of sports intangible assets (1) mainly includes patent right, trademark right, naming right, sports brand, sports club name, sports team logo, etc. (2) Technical secrets refer to knowledge and skills that are used in sports business activities, undisclosed and not patented. It includes all kinds of sports technical data, drawings and materials; Physical training norms, methods and working procedures; Sports nutrition formula, production method of sports food, etc. ; It also includes the knowledge, skills and know-how mastered by sports experts and technicians. (3) Business secrets refer to the information and materials that are held by sports enterprises or sports departments, are not known to the public, can gain a dominant position for the obligee in the competition in the same industry, and bring benefits beyond the general income level of the industry. (4) Franchise is a franchise granted by * *, and the other is a franchise granted by an enterprise. Including the right to operate sports events, the right to use sports venues, the jurisdiction and right to use sports venues and regions. 3. The characteristic of sports intangible assets (1) is intangible; (2) the uncertainty of income; (3) the timeliness of possession and use; (4) exclusivity; (5) Incomplete economy; (6) State ownership. (2) The significance of studying sports intangible assets 1. Scientific development, operation and management of sports intangible assets to promote the development of sports industry; 2. To meet the requirements of market economy and strengthen the market-oriented operation of sports intangible assets; 3. Follow the trading rules of sports intangible assets to promote the internationalization of sports; 4. Develop sports intangible assets to promote the development of sports industry and national economy. (3) Analysis of several sports intangible assets 1. Technical secrets The technical secrets in the sports industry can be expressed as tangible drawings, operation manuals and materials, or as intangible skills, skills or know-how existing in people's brains. Only by obtaining specific drawings and materials or by language and form can others master this technology. There are a lot of technical secrets in sports industry, and the application of these technical secrets is an important condition to promote the development of sports and obtain sports economic benefits. 2. Sports skills Sports skills refer to the skills and abilities of athletes to engage in a certain sport. Sports skills must be embodied in sports. Every athlete's sports skills are ......
What are the basic requirements for the quality of intangible goods?
Commodity refers to the labor products used for exchange. Tangible goods, according to the usual understanding, refer to labor products that have physical form and can bring economic benefits through exchange. Compared with tangible goods, intangible goods is a concept that is gradually recognized in development. To a great extent, it embodies the requirements of contemporary economic development, scientific and technological level and economic management, and its extension is not fixed. Until today, people have not reached a unified understanding of it. We believe that the so-called intangible goods refer to intangible labor products and paid economic words and deeds that make all tangible resources have value and use value attributes through materialized and non-materialized transformation.
This definition can be understood from the following aspects: First, the functional object of intangible goods is tangible resources. Intangible goods are produced on the basis of tangible resources, and tangible resources are the premise of producing intangible goods. Without tangible resources, it is impossible to produce intangible goods. Tangible resources are carriers of intangible goods. Without tangible resources, intangible goods are out of the question. Second, intangible goods can be transformed from tangible resources into material and intangible forms. Third, all commodities must have both use value and value. As one of the basic forms of goods, intangible goods also have use value and value, among which use value is the natural attribute and the most basic attribute of intangible goods; Value is the social attribute of intangible goods. Fourth, intangible goods include not only intangible labor products, but also paid economic words and deeds, such as paid lawyer defense, paid evaluation and paid consultation in legal consulting industry, paid housekeeping, paid intermediary, paid shopping guide and paid beauty in service industry.
Intangible service is also a product, the core of which is service, so what is its tangible product?
Personally, the tangible product of service should refer to the service effect after the impact. After serving others, it is essentially the effect of a person's labor, so it can be regarded as a product. This effect is visible to everyone and can be evaluated and judged, so it is tangible. So I think there may be some services, whose process is intangible, but its final effect belongs to tangible products. So the tangible product of service should be the final service effect.
The above is purely a personal opinion.
What are the different characteristics that distinguish intangible products from tangible products?
The difference between tangible products and intangible products
(1) They exist in different forms, that is, the difference between "tangible" and "intangible". This is the most fundamental difference between the two. Tangible products have materiality, and their existence is often based on material entities, while intangible products have intrinsic value and use value, but there is no external form, that is, they have immateriality. The so-called "immateriality", that is, "invisibility", means that intangible products do not have a certain form (such as solid, liquid, gas, etc.). ), which does not occupy a certain space, is usually the result of intangible mental work condensed in a tangible carrier.
(2) Intangible products must be creative, but intangible products do not have this requirement. The value of intangible products lies in their creativity, which is not as simple as tangible products. Although some tangible products are also creative, creativity is not a necessary condition for tangible products to be legal objects. Intangible products are different. Without creativity, intangible products will lose their value of existence and will not become legal products. Of course, the degree of creativity of different intangible products varies from category to category.