It is said that Americans spent hundreds of millions of dollars on space pens, while Russians didn't spend a penny on pencils. Is it true?/You don't say.

There is a widely spread story: \x0d\ American space department is going to send astronauts into space for the first time, but they soon received a report that astronauts can't write with ballpoint pens and pens in weightlessness. So it took them 10 years,1200 million dollars, and scientists finally invented a new ballpoint pen. This pen is suitable for weightlessness, handstand, water and any flat object, and can write smoothly even at MINUS 300 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, Russians always use pencils in space. \ x0d \ x0d \ This story wants to tell people that sometimes seemingly complex problems actually have very simple ready-made solutions. This is of course very instructive, but unfortunately it is fabricated. To sum up the mistakes in this story: \x0d\ 1, American astronauts also use pencils. \x0d\2。 Pencils are not suitable for use in space, and their tips are dangerous and flammable. The graphite residue produced by writing can easily enter the astronaut's chest and eyes, and it is easier to short-circuit electronic equipment (graphite is a good conductor). \x0d\3, the space pen was invented by a private enterprise, and it is said that it cost about two million yuan. \x0d\4. This kind of space pen can be used not only in weightlessness, but also in extreme temperature. \x0d\5. The weightless pen not only came up with the idea of using nitrogen to generate pressure, but also reformed the ink and nib so that the pen does not leak oil when not writing. \x0d\6. After the invention of the space pen, both NASA and Russian Space Agency bought it. \x0d\7. There is no such environment as -300 degrees Celsius (Kelvin 0 degrees can't reach-300 degrees Celsius), and this fabricated story itself has scientific errors. \ x0d \ x0d \ Early astronauts used pencils, not because they accepted the advice of primary school students, but because pens and ballpoint pens could not be used in weightlessness, and pencils were the only choice. However, pencil refills sometimes break, float in weightlessness, float into the nose, eyes, or electrical appliances, causing short circuits and becoming dangerous goods. In addition, pencil lead and wood will burn easily in pure oxygen environment. \ x0d \ x0d \ Paul Fisher, who made a fortune by inventing the universal refill for ballpoint pens, realized the urgency of astronauts using safe and reliable writing tools and developed them with his own pockets. It took him two years, about two million yuan, to develop a ballpoint pen that can be used in space environment at 1965. Its principle is simple. A sealed pneumatic pen core is used, and nitrogen is filled in the upper part (nitrogen is an inert gas, which will not help combustion under normal circumstances), and the ink is pushed to the pen tip by gas pressure. After rigorous testing, the space pen was adopted by NASA. In February, Fisher sold 400 space pens to NASA for $2.95 each. \ x0d \ x0d \1On July 20th, 969, the space pen followed Armstrong and Aldrin to the moon and saved their lives. Armstrong and Aldrin completed a historic walk on the surface of the moon. When they returned to the lunar module to leave, they found that the plastic manual switch of the engine was damaged by the backpack of the spacesuit. They could not start the engine and ask the ground command center for help. They need to pull a small metal bar in the switch. In order to reduce the weight, they gave up all the tools. An engineer in the ground command center had a brainwave and suggested that they try using a space pen. Aldrin took out the space pen, retracted the refill, and flipped the switch with the hollow end of the pen, successfully starting the engine of the lunar module. \ x0d \ x0d \ space pen is an all-weather ballpoint pen. In addition to the space environment, it can also be used in other extreme conditions (such as cold mountains and deep seabed), such as oily, wet, rough and smooth surfaces, which are suitable for writing at various angles. Its service life is as long as several decades, and it is deeply loved by mountain climbers, outdoor activists, technicians, soldiers and police. At present, the simplest Fisher space pen can be bought for 8 dollars in the American market. \x0d\\x0d\ Strangely, this legendary space pen has become the object of gossip, ridiculed and a symbol of stupidity. Some people say that there is absolutely no need for Americans to spend huge sums of money to develop space pens. It is better to use pencils as simply as the former Soviet astronauts (in fact, the former Soviet astronauts later switched to Fisher space pens). Others simply said that the space pen has never been developed. Some newspapers have also published a joke that "American scientists spend a lot of money to study space pens but didn't think of using pencils". Space pens are also available in China market and can be found online. Space pen is no longer the patent of astronauts, and ordinary people can use it.