In vibration physics, displacement and velocity are the two most important basic parameters.
The functions of displacement and velocity in vibration will be introduced in detail below:
Displacement
Displacement is one of the most basic parameters to describe the physical properties of vibration. It refers to the spatial offset of an object or particle relative to its equilibrium position. Think of it as a spring to understand vividly.
when the spring is at rest, we call it its equilibrium position. If we apply a little force to the spring to vibrate, then it is no longer in a balanced position, and the offset it appears is displacement.
displacement is directional and is usually represented by scalar or vector. In the process of vibration, objects or particles will oscillate around the equilibrium position with a small amplitude. Therefore, the displacement is not fixed, but a variable with time. It can be expressed by mathematical formula, for example, x(t) represents the displacement at time t.
velocity
velocity is also one of the most basic parameters to describe the physical properties of vibration. It refers to the moving speed of an object or particle relative to its equilibrium position in space. In the vibration phenomenon, the speed represents the displacement change experienced by an object or particle in unit time.
speed is also directional, and is usually expressed in scalar or vector. When objects or particles move in vibration, they will produce a certain speed. Like displacement, velocity is a dynamic time-varying quantity, which can be expressed by the mathematical formula v(t).
expanding knowledge
besides displacement and velocity, vibration also involves a series of physical parameters such as frequency, period and acceleration. Frequency represents the speed of vibration and refers to the number of vibrations per unit time. The period represents the repetition time of vibration. Acceleration is the change of acceleration of an object or particle during vibration.
in practical applications, displacement and velocity are often widely used in testing and measurement, such as vibration testing of automobiles while driving, vibration detection of mechanical equipment and so on. They are the key parameters for evaluating, predicting and controlling vibration characteristics and vibration effects.