Harm of fatty liver to human body
Hazard 1. Fatty liver hinders lipid metabolism, operation and energy conversion, which leads to energy metabolism disorder and greatly reduces the immune function of the body.
Hazard two. Patients may have digestive tract symptoms, such as loss of appetite, indigestion, nausea, abdominal distension and diarrhea. Women may also have nosebleeds, gum bleeding, menstrual disorders or amenorrhea, and men may have sexual dysfunction.
Hazard 3. If fat accumulates excessively in the liver for a long time, the blood supply, oxygen supply and metabolism of the liver are constantly affected, and moderate fatty liver harm will cause a large number of swelling, inflammatory infiltration, deformation and necrosis of liver cells. Once fibrosis and pseudolobular formation occur in the liver, it will evolve into cirrhosis.
Harm 4. Moderate fatty liver can cause fibrosis, and the incidence of fibrosis is about 25%. Nearly 8% of patients eventually develop cirrhosis.
Zhao Yajuan, director of the Department of Hepatology, Handan Infectious Diseases Hospital, believes that fatty liver is a reversible disease, and early diagnosis and timely treatment can return to normal. However, if left unchecked, fatty liver will develop into cirrhosis and cause various complications, so it cannot be fully recovered. Therefore, if you have fatty liver, you should treat it as soon as possible. The prevention and treatment of fatty liver is a long-term process, so the correction of bad living habits has become an important step in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver. For mild to moderate fatty liver, the adjustment of daily life style and diet is very important. On the basis of paying attention to diet and exercise, severe fatty liver should also use drugs reasonably to protect liver and reduce blood fat.
Method for treating fatty liver
Peng _ "Exercise therapy and diet regulation are the basic treatments for fatty liver. Basic treatment can play an 80% role in the prevention and treatment of fatty liver. "
1、
How does fatty liver exercise? Walk for half an hour every day.
Professor Peng _ pointed out: "Patients with fatty liver must strengthen exercise. Laziness is not the reason. " It has become a knowledge that more exercise can treat fatty liver, but for white-collar workers who are usually busy, how should exercise effectively reduce blood fat and treat fatty liver? In this regard, Professor Peng gave the following solutions:
First, white-collar workers who take buses can run for more than half an hour on the way to catch the bus and subway every day. A vigorous walk is more intense than a walk, and a leisurely walk does nothing.
Second, white-collar workers who own private cars can also choose to run after dinner, preferably for half an hour. Everyone's physical condition is different, and the suitable exercise is also different. People with high blood pressure and heart disease should not run away.
Third, you can choose outdoor sports on weekends, and patients should ensure about 4 hours of exercise time every week. Aerobic exercise is more suitable for patients with fatty liver, such as riding a bike, going up and down stairs, climbing mountains, playing badminton and kicking shuttlecock. This kind of exercise is mainly aerobic catabolism, which can inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides and promote fat decomposition.
Professor Peng _ suggested to patients: "There is a process of exercise therapy for fatty liver patients, and the amount of exercise should be gradually increased from small to large, 3-5 times a week, each time 15-60 minutes." Remember that exercise therapy for fatty liver is a gradual process. It is completely unscientific to try to reduce blood lipid and deal with fatty liver through high-intensity exercise once or twice a week.
2、
How to eat fatty liver? Every meal is eighty percent full.
Fatty liver refers to a kind of liver disease formed when the fat in the liver exceeds a certain proportion. The treatment of fatty liver is to reduce the fat intake of the liver. So, what, how much and how should fatty liver patients eat?
Dietary principles for patients with fatty liver:
1. Limit the total calories and carbohydrates, and the daily heat supply should be lower than the actual demand 10%- 15%.
2. Fat should not be too much, and the daily intake should be controlled within 50 grams, especially animal fat; In addition to coconut oil, general edible vegetable oil can be used in moderation; Protein provides 1.2- 1.5g per kilogram of body weight every day, and chooses foods containing more methionine, such as lean meat, fish, mussels, squid and bean products.
3. The staple food can be rice, flour and coarse grains; Eat more vegetables and fruits rich in vitamins and cellulose.
4. Avoid desserts and fruit candy containing more monosaccharides, as well as high-fat foods. Limit foods with high cholesterol, such as egg yolk, animal viscera, brain marrow, roe, squid, etc.
5. Avoid frying and frying, and use cooking diets such as steaming, boiling, stewing, stewing and boiling; Avoid alcohol and drink more tea.
6. The China Nutrition Society recommended that the edible oil intake per person per day be 25g. Although many people have realized the harm of animal oil (fat), they seldom use animal oil (fat) and eat fat, but the amount of cooking oil has not decreased, but has an increasing trend. Edible vegetable oil containing more unsaturated fatty acids (100g) has nearly 900 kilocalories, while pork (100g) has only 395 kilocalories. Excessive calorie intake will obviously increase the risk of obesity, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, fatty liver and malignant tumors.
Although vegetable edible oil (except coconut oil) contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, which is helpful to lower blood cholesterol, it is easy to form peroxide esters in the body when ingested too much, which increases the risk of cerebral thrombosis, myocardial infarction and cancer.
7. Adjust diet and exercise properly. The main causes of fatty liver are obesity and hyperlipidemia, so controlling diet and moderate exercise are the key. The daily energy intake of adults is initially 30-35 calories/kg, and gradually decreases to 25 calories/kg. Among them, 20% is protein, 30% is lipid and 50% is carbohydrate. At the same time, it is supplemented by exercise, such as walking 10000 steps every day, plus jogging for 20 minutes twice; Or ride a bike, exercise in the gym and so on. , may be effective for some patients.
In diet, we should pay attention to maintaining the diversity of daily food. The human body needs more than 40 kinds of nutrients every day, and one or several simple foods can't meet the nutritional needs of patients with fatty liver. Patients with fatty liver should increase, not decrease, the types of daily food. Various foods contain different nutrients. Except breast milk, no natural food can provide all the nutrients needed by the human body.
Therefore, in order to achieve a balanced diet and meet various nutritional needs of the human body, it is necessary to eat a wide range of foods, including cereals, animal foods, vegetables and fruits, bean products, dairy products, oils and fats, etc., in a reasonable proportion.
For patients with fatty liver, cereals are the main source of daily energy and the basis of daily diet. Among cereals, we should advocate choosing some coarse grains.
Animal food can be eaten in moderation and will not lead to chronic diseases such as fatty liver. On the contrary, because the amino acid pattern of animal protein is more suitable for human needs, its lysine content is higher, which is beneficial to supplement the shortage of lysine in grain protein. Eating marine fish animal food 2-3 times a week is a good source of high-quality protein, fat-soluble vitamins and minerals. Because fish (especially marine fish) contain more unsaturated fatty acids, it has a unique role in preventing chronic diseases.
In addition to the principles of fatty liver diet introduced above, Professor Peng _, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University, also pointed out that "it is best for patients with fatty liver to eat only 80% full every meal. The composition of daily diet can refer to my suggestion: vegetables and fruits account for1/2; The staple food decreased moderately, accounting for1/8; The meat of meat dishes follows the principle of less red meat and more white meat, which is also1/8; The remaining 1/8 are plant protein foods, such as peanuts, nuts and bean products. "
Several misunderstandings of fatty liver
1、
Can't you eat meat with fatty liver?
Once some patients find fatty liver, they immediately adopt a "vegetarian policy" and resolutely stay away from meat. This is a common misunderstanding. On the one hand, the cause of fatty liver is not a single obesity-type overnutrition, and many thin people will also have malnutrition-type fatty liver, so we must first clarify the cause and then take measures.
Professor Peng _, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University, believes that patients need not be so nervous. "Fatty liver patients do not mean that they can't eat meat at all. Long-term vegetarianism can also cause nutritional deficiency fatty liver. Ensuring 80-100g of high-quality protein every day is conducive to removing fat from the liver. "
Fish, lean meat, milk, egg white and other high-protein diets can promote the recovery and regeneration of hepatocyte function, increase the synthesis of apolipoprotein, especially VLDL (very low density protein), help to transport lipids out of the liver smoothly and relieve fatty liver. However, insufficient intake of protein will aggravate liver fat deposition.
On the other hand, even for fatty liver with overnutrition, nourishing and protecting the liver cannot be completely separated from meat.
Long-term vegetarian diet can easily lead to too little fat intake and too much fat decomposition in the body, which will aggravate the condition. The liver needs a certain amount of fat and protein, and their proportion should be maintained at 20%, and the remaining 60% is mainly carbohydrates taken from staple food. Therefore, patients with fatty liver can't just eat vegetables and fruits. Too much or too little fat intake is not conducive to liver conditioning. Patients can choose some low-fat foods such as lean meat, low-fat milk and shrimp.
It is suggested that patients with fatty liver eat beef in moderation: although beef is also meat, its fat content is not high and it contains a lot of protein. Its amino acid composition is closer to the needs of human body than pork, which can improve the disease resistance of human body, especially suitable for patients with excessive blood loss after illness, so it is ok for patients with fatty liver to eat beef. But you can't eat too much beef, because beef still contains a small amount of fat, and eating too much will still increase the fat content in the body, so patients with fatty liver should eat beef in moderation.
2、
Thin people don't get fatty liver?
Although overweight people are more likely to get fatty liver, it does not mean that thin people will not get fatty liver. Many people are not fat, but have fatty liver.
Yang Bingwu, director of the Chinese Medicine Department of Beijing Deshengmen Chinese Medicine Hospital, said that fatty liver is not entirely caused by obesity and diet. If there is a problem in any link of liver cell fat metabolism, fat can accumulate in liver cells, not only because of excessive fat intake. These problems include: fatty acid decomposition and transfer disorders, excessive fat synthesis, hepatocyte poisoning, malnutrition and so on.
Specifically, the liver not only synthesizes and decomposes fat, but also serves as a transit point for fat storage. Lipoprotein is also synthesized in the liver. This kind of protein is the transport fleet of fat from the liver to the outside of the liver. Long-term malnutrition, due to the lack of protein in the body, it is difficult to synthesize enough lipoprotein. The liver cannot transport excess fat outward, and these fats accumulate in the liver itself, leading to fatty liver. Therefore, fatty liver is not a patent for fat people!
Simple light diet may not solve the problem of fatty liver. Fatty liver is far more complicated than it sounds. Most cases are related to unhealthy living habits, including unbalanced diet, overeating, excessive drinking and lack of exercise.
Therefore, in addition to excluding related reasons, the best treatment strategy is to control diet, abstain from drinking and exercise properly.
3、
Can you treat fatty liver as long as you lower your blood fat?
Wang, director of the Tenth Department of Hepatology, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, said that many people think that hyperlipidemia and fatty liver are the same thing. In fact, hyperlipidemia and fatty liver are completely two concepts and two diseases.
Hyperlipidemia can lead to or promote fatty liver, but some patients with fatty liver have low blood lipid. In fact, some patients with fatty liver have used many lipid-lowering drugs, but fatty liver has not been alleviated, but the more they are treated, the better. This is because lipid-lowering drugs cannot reduce the deposition of fat in the liver.
So, can patients with fatty liver with hyperlipidemia be treated with hypolipidemic therapy? Director Wang introduced that patients with fatty liver and hyperlipidemia should not rashly apply hypolipidemic drugs.
Alcoholic fatty liver with hyperlipidemia, abstinence is the best treatment, generally do not need to use hypolipidemic drugs;
Obesity and diabetic fatty liver with hyperlipidemia, unless there is coronary heart disease at the same time, will only be given corresponding hypolipidemic drugs with little effect on liver function if there is persistent dyslipidemia (plasma cholesterol is greater than 6.46mmol/l or/and low density lipoprotein cholesterol is greater than 4. 13mmol/l and triglyceride is greater than 2.26mmol/l) after three months of diet control, exercise and primary disease treatment.
Fatty liver caused by primary hyperlipidemia can be treated with hypolipidemic drugs on the basis of comprehensive treatment, but the dosage should be appropriately reduced, the safety indexes such as liver function should be monitored, and liver-protecting drugs should be combined if necessary, or hypolipidemic drugs should be used after liver injury is corrected.
In principle, lipid-lowering drugs are not needed to treat fatty liver. If the blood lipid level is high, fatty liver can not be cured only by exercise and diet, so it is necessary to use lipid-lowering drugs carefully under the guidance of doctors. If patients take lipid-lowering drugs for a long time, they should be alert to the occurrence of adverse reactions such as rhabdomyolysis, thrombocytopenia, abnormal liver function and gastrointestinal bleeding.
Taboo of fatty liver
1, absolutely no alcohol.
2. Choose skim milk or yogurt.
3. Eat no more than 2 egg yolks every day.
4. Avoid using animal oil; The total amount of vegetable oil does not exceed 20g.
5. Don't eat animal internal organs (i.e. discharging goods into water), chicken skin, fat meat, fish eggs and crab roe.
6. Don't eat fried food.
7. Don't eat chocolate.
8, often eat soy products and gluten with less oil.
9. After eating fruit, reduce the amount of staple food. Eating an apple a day will reduce the staple food by 50 grams.
10, yam, sweet potato, taro potato, etc. It should be exchanged with rice and flour, and the total amount should be limited.
1 1, onion, garlic, ginger, pepper and other "four spicy" can be eaten, but it is not advisable to eat more.
12, often eat seafood such as fish and shrimp.
13. Fat-reducing foods include coarse grains such as oats and millet, and green fresh vegetables such as black sesame, black fungus, kelp, hair and cauliflower.
14, eat less at dinner and avoid adding meals before going to bed.
15. If fatty liver leads to abnormal liver function or elevated transaminase, you should take lipid-lowering drugs, enzyme-lowering drugs and fish oil health products under the guidance of a doctor, but it is not advisable to take too much.