How do we face the new high-speed rail era?

Although China Railway has made remarkable achievements in transportation density, passenger and freight turnover, conversion density, transportation efficiency and market share, it has completed the world railway transportation volume of 1/4 with the operating mileage accounting for 6% of the world railways. However, due to historical subjective and objective factors, China railway development missed some important historical opportunities. Before the reform and opening up, there was still a big gap between China railway and developed countries. China has only 75 kilometers of railways per 1 10,000 square kilometers, ranking 60th in the world. The per capita railway is less than 6 cm, ranking behind 100 in the world. The running speed of trains is generally lower than that of railway trains in developed countries. The contradiction between insufficient transportation productivity and the increasing demand for economic and social transportation has not been fundamentally solved, and the railway is still a "bottleneck" restricting China's economic and social development. Backwardness forces people to forge ahead, and the gap urges people to rise. The Ministry of Railways has chosen a scientific development model with a new starting point, high quality, high speed and large scale, and has made encouraging and gratifying achievements at present: First, the construction of a developed and perfect railway network has advanced well and quickly; Second, the modernization of railway technology and equipment has achieved a major leap; Third, the railway operating performance has continuously created a new historical level; Fourth, important breakthroughs have been made in the innovation of railway management system. It took China about 6 years to cross the 30-year history of the world's developed railway countries. In the next few years, China's high-speed railway construction will enter a comprehensive harvest period. By 2020, China's new high-speed railway will reach more than 1.6 thousand kilometers, and the rapid passenger transport network will reach more than 50 thousand kilometers, connecting all provincial capital cities and cities with a population of more than 500 thousand, covering more than 90% of the country's population. High-speed rail makes China's railway construction stand proudly in the forefront of world railway development. Compared with Germany and Japan, China's high-speed rail technology has three advantages: First, from public works, communication signals, traction power supply to bus manufacturing, China can export in a package, which is difficult for other countries to do. Second, China's high-speed rail technology is rich, which can not only transform the existing line with a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, but also build a new line with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour ... Third, the construction cost of China's high-speed rail is relatively low, about 20% lower than that of other countries. 20 10 8 14, Daxing, Beijing section of Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, near the swivel bridge that intersects with Beijing-Hong Kong high-speed railway, the last scaffolding for pouring beams is being removed by workers and loaded into trucks by cranes. This means that the Beijing section has completed the offline basic work and is about to start online track laying. Tianyaaichengxin/CFP2065438+On May 6th, 2000, the official operation of Chengguan Express Railway entered the countdown, and the Harmony train at Dujiangyan Station was put into trial operation. Many Dujiangyan citizens experienced the brand-new feeling brought by the express train in advance. Sang Qing/CFP65438+At 9: 00 am on February 26th, 2009, the G 1226 train from Guangzhou North to Wuhan on Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway passenger dedicated line started from New Guangzhou North Station. Chen Fan /CFP originally planned to open to traffic on 20 1 1, and the Shanghai-Han Rong high-speed railway will open to traffic ahead of schedule at the end of August this year. In the future, the time from Nanjing to Chengdu by train will be shortened to about 9 hours. 1In the autumn of 978, Deng Xiaoping visited the Japanese Shinkansen and said, "As fast as the wind, we really have to run now!" At that time, the speed of foreign high-speed trains had reached 300 kilometers per hour, while the average speed of passenger trains in China was only 43 kilometers per hour. On June 26, 2009, the Wuhan-Guangzhou Passenger Dedicated Line was officially opened to traffic, becoming the world's highest speed and longest mileage high-speed railway. Since the 20th century, the railway has once again entered a new stage of rapid development. High-speed, large-capacity, all-weather, energy-saving and more environmentally friendly high-speed railway has become a pioneer in leading human economic and social development. At present, China is rapidly entering the era of high-speed rail. Under the strong impact of speed and strength in the era of high-speed rail, all aspects of economic, social and cultural life will face realistic new choices. According to media reports, in June 2009, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin visited China and attended the meeting of the Council of Heads of Government of the member States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. The two countries signed a memorandum on the development of high-speed railway between China and Russia, and China will help Russia build high-speed railway. On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2009, General Electric Company of the United States signed a memorandum with the Ministry of Railways of China, and both parties promised to strengthen cooperation and seek to participate in high-speed railway projects with a speed of more than 350 kilometers per hour in the United States. On July 13 this year, Brazil officially started the bidding for the first high-speed railway construction in the country, and relevant enterprises in China expressed their participation in the bidding. From July 12 to July 15, during Argentine President Fernandez's visit to China, he signed a number of railway technology export contracts with China, amounting to 10 billion US dollars, which is the largest railway technology export in China in recent years. According to statistics, locomotives, motor trains and spare parts produced in China are distributed in more than 50 countries and regions around the world. The export of high-speed rail shows that China has not only found new economic support, but also occupied the commanding heights of energy utilization in the future. A responsible comrade of the Ministry of Railways said that in the next few years, China's high-speed railway construction will enter a comprehensive harvest period. By 2020, China's new high-speed railway will reach more than 1.6 thousand kilometers, and the rapid passenger transport network will reach more than 50 thousand kilometers, connecting all provincial capital cities and cities with a population of more than 500 thousand, covering more than 90% of the country's population. An expert who asked not to be named believes that China's high-speed rail technology has three advantages compared with German and Japanese: "First, China can export everything from public works, communication signals, traction power supply to bus manufacturing, which is difficult for other countries to do. Second, China's high-speed rail technology is rich, which can not only transform existing lines with a speed of 250 kilometers per hour, but also build a new line with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour ... Third, China's high-speed rail construction cost is low, which is about 20% lower than other countries. " High-speed rail makes China Railway proudly stand in the forefront of railway development in the world. In August 2008, Professor Zhang Shuguang, deputy chief engineer of the Ministry of Railways, introduced the high-speed rail technology in China, saying: "It took China about six years to span the 30-year history of the developed railway countries in the world and form a high-speed railway technology system with completely independent intellectual property rights." It is reported that high-speed train is one of the core technologies of high-speed railway, and it is also the commanding height of competition in the world. The first batch of 22 Harmony CRH2-type Wuhan-Guangzhou EMUs was officially put into operation in Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, accounting for more than 50% of all EMUs, all of which came from the famous "South Locomotive" in China. Most notably, the key technologies and core components such as "heart" traction electric drive system and "nervous system" network control device of Wuhan-Guangzhou EMU are independently developed by China South Locomotive. Someone once asked Lin Youting, an expert who has been engaged in railway rolling stock research for a long time, curiously: The train has no steering wheel, so it is better to drive a car when running on two tracks. The doctoral supervisor and researcher of china academy of railway sciences Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute laughed and said that driving a car needs a good steering wheel and driving a train needs a "brake", that is, the technology of braking and speed regulation. It turns out that a train weighs thousands or even tens of thousands of tons in total, and the inertia in high-speed operation is very large. To control the train to run at a constant speed every minute and stop at the designated point of the platform smoothly, superb braking technology is needed. At that time, the fist product developed by the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute was the "black box" for automatic monitoring of ordinary locomotive brakes and locomotive operation data. At the beginning of the climax of high-speed rail construction, the Locomotive and Rolling Stock Research Institute aimed at the braking technology of EMU. Ordinary speed trains are controlled by locomotive braking, while EMU trains are controlled by drivers. The latter is more complicated and technologically advanced than the former. With the full support of the Ministry of Railways and the Institute of Iron Science and Technology, the Institute and the Institute invested hundreds of millions of yuan to establish an innovative base for high-speed braking system of EMU in Zhongguancun Science Park. After introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation, the locomotive depot quickly mastered the latest technology of brake discs, innovated more than 20 patented technologies with completely independent intellectual property rights, occupied the commanding heights of technological innovation, and realized the localization of brake discs for EMU trains, all of which were used in "Harmony" EMU trains. Zhengxi Line passes through xi, Kaifeng, Luoyang and other famous ancient cities, and is rich in tourism resources. The two cities are more than 500 kilometers apart, and it takes nearly one day to drive by national road. The ordinary railway takes more than six hours. After the Zhengzhou-Xi 'an high-speed railway was opened to traffic, the space-time distance was reduced to 1 hour 48 minutes. After hearing the news, Mr. Wei immediately signed up for a tour group to Huashan. The new speed of the high-speed rail makes the time and space distance of the scenic spot no longer far away, and the time and space area of the scenic spot continues to expand. "When the high-speed rail rings, there are two thousand gold." After the opening of Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, the tourism industry in Guangdong, Hunan and Hubei continued to heat up. In the past, long-distance travel became a "short-distance tour" because of high-speed rail, and short-distance travel was equivalent to a "city tour" because of high-speed rail. "Drink Cantonese tea early, climb Yuelu Mountain in the afternoon and visit Yellow Crane Tower at night" is also realized because of the high-speed rail. As a result, famous scenic spots along the Wuhan-Guangzhou high-speed railway, such as Hengshan Mountain in Nanyue, Yueyang Tower and Shaoshan Drip Cave, have built fast lanes, opened through trains, issued preferential tickets, improved service levels and attracted tourists from all directions by high-speed railway. The local government also seized the opportunity of high-speed rail, re-integrated the tourism resources of the three provinces, and built the big tourism in the high-speed rail era into a new pillar industry. In the era of high-speed rail, the urban development model will undoubtedly be "reshaped", from the isolated development model of a single city to a new era of coordinated development of multiple cities. With the planning and construction of Beijing-Fuzhou railway, anhui-jiangxi railway double-track railway and Huanghang high-speed railway, Anhui, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other cities will form new urban economic complexes in the Asia-Pacific region, thus forming new economic growth points. In this economic system, tourism will make considerable profits. High-speed rail has played a very important role in promoting the development of industrialization and urbanization in China, prompting the central cities along the high-speed rail and satellite towns to choose a new "layout"-radiating the central cities with high-speed rail to promote the synchronous development of surrounding cities. China is in a period of accelerated industrialization and urbanization. The advantages of high-speed transportation brought by high-speed rail to cities along the line will make urban resources re-evaluated, positioned and laid out, and realize the synchronous development of surrounding cities driven by the radiation of the central city of high-speed rail circle. Due to the opening of high-speed rail, transportation resources have been effectively integrated, and the existing railway transportation capacity has been released, which has eased the long-term tension of transportation capacity and transportation volume and accelerated the rapid circulation of production factors such as people flow, logistics, capital flow and information flow. Therefore, the cities along the high-speed rail are once again favored by domestic and foreign investors, who have come to inspect projects and invest in factories. The development value of some "resource-exhausted" cities has also been re-evaluated and revitalized. The era of high-speed rail will make Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, Zhengzhou, Changsha and other cities become the central cities of China's "four-hour economic circle". A large number of data show that high-speed rail has become the most active and potential area of economic development in China. We have every reason to predict optimistically that high-speed railway will play a great role in supporting coordinated regional development, optimizing resource allocation and industrial layout, building an efficient comprehensive transportation system, reducing social logistics costs, and promoting urban integration and sustainable economic development.