First, the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" Review of China Transportation Science and Technology Development
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China's highway and waterway traffic continued to maintain a good momentum of rapid development, which was the period with the fastest development speed and the best results in history, and also the most remarkable period for supporting and serving the economy and society. The rapid development of transportation provides a broad stage for transportation technology, and the development of transportation technology also provides strong support for the development of transportation. The Party Group of the Ministry of Communications has vigorously promoted the implementation of the strategy of "promoting communication through science and education" and increased investment in scientific research. Minister Zhang Chunxian clearly put forward the principle of "focusing on practical projects, focusing on technical problems in key highway and waterway traffic construction, focusing on technical problems that have been solved for a long time, and focusing on * * * technology and basic research needed for traffic development". In the past five years, the contribution level of science and technology to traffic development has been continuously improved, which has supported the rapid development of highway and waterway traffic.
(A) the progress and application of a large number of engineering technology research has provided a guarantee for the construction of transportation infrastructure.
In 2005, it is estimated that the total mileage of highways will reach 6.5438+0.95 million kilometers, expressways will reach 40,000 kilometers, and asphalt and cement pavements of rural roads will reach 6.5438+0.00 million kilometers. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, a number of complete sets of technologies and structural breakthroughs in highway construction under special conditions, the design and construction of long-span curved bridges with high piers, and the development and application of typical pavement structures of rural roads have effectively guaranteed the large-scale highway construction in China, making the construction technology of highway main projects in China close to or reach the advanced level in the world today.
The Tenth Five-Year Plan is a period of great breakthrough in the construction technology of highway bridges and tunnels in China, and a large number of long-span bridges with world-class technical difficulties have been built and put into use one after another. Generally speaking, China's highway and bridge technology has entered the advanced ranks in the world.
The Tenth Five-Year Plan is a period of rapid growth of China's shipping development, which has promoted the construction of ports and waterways. Coastal ports have built 3.44 million-ton deep-water berths, nearly double that of the Ninth Five-Year Plan, and the scientific and technological innovation level of port channels has been significantly improved.
Through introduction, digestion and absorption, transportation enterprises have developed a series of complete sets of technical equipment, such as road maintenance machinery, testing equipment, port loading and unloading equipment, which not only provides guarantee for transportation infrastructure construction and production and operation, but also forms a number of well-known brands with international competitiveness.
(two) increase the application of modern information technology, improve industry management and service capabilities.
Information technology and informatization are important means to improve the overall capacity of the transportation industry. Satellite positioning, geographic information, aerial survey and remote sensing, modern communication and internet technology have been widely integrated and applied in engineering survey, computer-aided three-dimensional design, comprehensive management of high-grade highways, vehicle positioning, tracking and monitoring, ship navigation and other fields, which has improved the modernization level of traffic construction and management.
(3) Strengthen the research on decision support technology and improve the level of scientific decision-making.
According to the strategic deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Ministry of Communications has successively carried out a series of strategic studies, and put forward the "three stages" goal of highway and waterway transportation development in the first half of 2/kloc-0 century, the development strategy of highway and waterway transportation, the development goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way, and the guiding opinions of the transportation industry to implement Scientific Outlook on Development.
(four) pay attention to the development and application of traffic safety technology, improve the ability of traffic safety.
In order to strengthen the supervision of water safety and the construction of professional rescue forces, we will speed up the construction of a modern security system with all-weather operation and comprehensive coverage. Maritime and salvage systems focus on "three refinements and two emphases" and technology, team and equipment, greatly improving the level of safety supervision and salvage modernization.
In view of the high status of road traffic accidents, the Ministry of Communications has implemented the "Highway Safety Project", focusing on the technical research of highway traffic safety protection engineering in mountainous areas, ensuring the smooth implementation of the highway safety protection project and effectively improving the traffic safety situation.
In the aspect of road transport safety management, we have strengthened the monitoring and investigation of road and bridge dangers, carried out technical research on bridge monitoring and diagnosis, maintenance and reinforcement, rapid repair of expressway pavement, and overload control, and integrated satellite positioning, geographic information system, wireless communication, Internet and other information technologies to realize the full tracking and safety monitoring of road passenger vehicles and dangerous goods vehicles.
Three comprehensive emergency plans and 2 1 sub-emergency plans for road, water and water search and rescue were studied and formulated, which provided an effective guarantee for improving traffic emergency handling capacity and ensuring people's lives and property safety.
(five) to speed up the research on environmental protection and resource conservation technology, and improve the sustainable development ability of transportation.
In 2003, the Ministry of Communications organized and implemented the "Chuanjiu Highway" and other demonstration projects, and summed up a series of advanced ideas and experiences such as "protecting the ecology to the maximum in design, destroying the ecology to the maximum in construction and restoring the ecology to the maximum in construction" and "no destruction is the best protection", which played an exemplary role in establishing and implementing Scientific Outlook on Development for the whole industry and played a driving role.
In the construction of transportation infrastructure, we should pay attention to the use of new technologies and new processes in planning, design, construction and operation, so as to save the use of land resources and partially alleviate the pressure on resources.
(six) to strengthen and improve the system reform, build a scientific and technological innovation system.
During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the investment in transportation science and technology was the highest in history, totaling more than 6 billion yuan. Following 1999, the 17 key laboratory of transportation industry was built successively, and two national engineering research centers were built, which improved the basic conditions of scientific research in a number of transportation research institutes and universities, and carried out the selection activities of "national transportation young scientific and technological talents" and "100,000 talents in the new century" in the whole industry, and a large number of young and middle-aged transportation scientific and technological backbones emerged, forming a relatively stable and strong ability.
Two, the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" strategic choice of transportation science and technology development and several issues that should be paid attention to.
(A) innovation is the strategic choice for the development of transportation science and technology.
As far as traffic science and technology innovation is concerned, there are three main forms, namely, original innovation, integrated innovation and introduction, digestion, absorption and re-innovation. Strengthening scientific and technological innovation is the realistic need of the development of transportation industry. We should learn to be eclectic, broaden our horizons, always pay attention to the latest scientific and technological achievements at home and abroad, and absorb, introduce or integrate into the industry in time, so that the transportation industry will become one of the industries that absorb and apply modern high and new technologies the most.
(B) "Eleventh Five-Year" traffic science and technology development guidelines and development goals
The guiding ideology of the development of transportation science and technology in the 11th Five-Year Plan is: adhere to the guidance of Theory of Three Represents, establish and implement Scientific Outlook on Development, fully implement the strategies of "invigorating communication through science and education" and "strengthening communication through talents" according to the basic principles of "people-oriented, demand-oriented, comprehensive integration and strengthening innovation", and promote the strategic adjustment of transportation science and technology development. Improve the overall scientific and technological level of highway and waterway transportation and realize the development goal of highway and waterway transportation in building a well-off society in an all-round way.
During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the overall goal of the development of highway and waterway transportation science and technology is to deepen the reform of the science and technology system, create a good environment for the development of scientific and technological talents, fully absorb social scientific and technological resources, and improve the transportation scientific research base and the platform for enjoying scientific and technological information. Initially form an innovation system that meets the requirements of transportation modernization, combines government leadership with market mechanism, has strong innovation ability and high innovation efficiency, and conforms to the development law of transportation science and technology itself.
(C) "Eleventh Five-Year" transport science and technology needs to focus on a number of issues
First, the application of new materials, new processes and new equipment; The second is the application of traffic safety guarantee technology; Third, the application of environmental protection and resource saving technology; Fourth, the comprehensive application of information technology; Fifth, the formulation and revision of standards and norms.
Three, comprehensively promote the "Eleventh Five-Year" traffic science and technology work
(1) Do a good job in the construction of traffic science and technology innovation system and enhance the traffic science and technology innovation capability.
To do a good job in science and technology in the transportation industry, we must have a long-term vision, closely combine the reality of transportation development, speed up the construction of transportation science and technology innovation system, and comprehensively enhance the ability of transportation science and technology innovation.
In the innovation system of transportation science and technology, the leading role of government transportation departments should be brought into play; Give full play to the main role of enterprises in industrial technological innovation; Give full play to the main role of scientific research institutions and universities; Give play to the role of bridge and link of science and technology intermediary institutions.
(two) do a good job in traffic science and technology research and development, improve the level of traffic science and technology progress.
It is necessary to concentrate on supporting major scientific and technological projects that are fundamental, overall and influential to the development of industry or regional transportation, and strive to solve major scientific and technological problems in the development of transportation. Strive to make breakthroughs in some major technical fields of transportation, especially in major technologies of transportation construction under special conditions, key technologies for solving bottlenecks in resources and environment and key technologies for traffic safety, and give full play to the supporting role of science and technology in transportation development; It is necessary to select a number of major technologies that are advanced, applicable, highly relevant and widely used, increase scientific and technological research, technology integration and popularization and application, and give full play to the role of science and technology in promoting traffic development; It is necessary to unite a number of strategic, forward-looking and overall major frontier technologies, realize the leap-forward development of key areas, and give full play to the leading role of science and technology in transportation development.
(3) Mobilize scientific and technological resources of the whole society and increase investment in transportation science and technology.
Develop transportation science and technology with a more open attitude, fully mobilize and absorb all available funds, talents, technology, management and other resources inside and outside the industry and at home and abroad under the conditions of market economy, and gradually form a transportation science and technology investment system oriented by government investment and attracting enterprises, scientific research institutions, universities and social funds to participate. Establish a stable funding channel for government transportation research. Actively strive for the support of relevant state departments and local governments for transportation science and technology, and encourage and attract foreign and social funds to invest in transportation research and development activities.
(D) improve the management mechanism, improve the level of government traffic science and technology management.
The Ministry of Communications and local transportation authorities should further transform the government's functions of transportation science and technology management, broaden their horizons, consciously integrate transportation science and technology work into the big cycle of transportation industry development, and position transportation science and technology management as relying on scientific and technological innovation to promote scientific and technological progress in the industry and improve the contribution of science and technology to transportation development.
(5) Increase the promotion of scientific and technological achievements and improve the application level of transportation science and technology.
On the premise of paying full attention to the protection of intellectual property rights, we should do a good job in the popularization, application and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements and incorporate mature technologies into standards and norms in a timely manner. Science and technology management departments should pay full attention to the improvement of the overall scientific and technological level of the industry, vigorously organize transportation science and technology to the countryside and grass-roots activities under science and technology, and adopt various ways to impart practical scientific and technological knowledge to comrades working in rural road construction, grass-roots roads, waterway maintenance departments and other production lines to improve their knowledge and skills.
(six) to speed up the construction of talent team and form a stable high-level scientific research team.
Scientific and technological innovation, talent-oriented. We must firmly establish the idea that talents are the first resource, and insist on discovering, cultivating, using and condensing outstanding scientific and technological talents as an important task for the development of transportation science and technology. It is necessary to gradually establish a mechanism to encourage outstanding scientific and technological talents to stand out and actively adjust relevant policies for scientific and technological development.
(7) Strengthen international exchanges and cooperation and make full use of global scientific and technological resources.
The development of modern science and technology changes with each passing day. In order to know and master the latest development trend of world transportation science and technology in time, we must pay special attention to international exchanges and cooperation. On the basis of more extensive scientific and technological cooperation and exchanges, improving the level and depth of scientific and technological exchanges and cooperation will not only make full use of human scientific and technological achievements, but also make a difference to the development of science and technology in the world.