1822, Faraday, a British physicist and chemist, discovered that some gases will become liquids if they are not cooled to the liquefaction point after pressurization, and these liquids will vaporize and absorb a lot of heat at room temperature, which is the principle of "evaporative refrigeration". Gao Lai, who once worked as an "air cooler", also knows this principle and wants to use it to make artificial ice to solve the problem of cooling the ward. At that time, during the American Civil War, due to the serious shortage of natural ice, some merchant ships risked crossing the sea blockade to transport ice. At first, Golay used ether as coolant to make artificial ice, but many experiments failed.
One day, he was experimenting with artificial ice with ether. Suddenly, an emergency patient came, and he had to run out of the room for treatment at once. In his hurry, he accidentally forgot to turn off the experimental machine. When he came back from his illness, he found that artificial ice had been formed. This was the earliest artificial ice refrigerator.
However, the earliest patent for artificial refrigeration was jointly registered and applied by Harris and john long at 1790. A few years later, someone invented manual compressor and cold water circulation freezing method, which laid the foundation for the advent of refrigeration system.
Shortly after Faraday discovered the principle of evaporative refrigeration, German chemist Linde made a refrigerator out of ammonia according to this principle, and American engineer Jacob Perkins also invented the world's first compression refrigeration device in 1834, which is the embryonic form of modern refrigeration system. In the same year, Perkins obtained the first refrigeration patent issued by the United States. 1855, France produced the first absorption refrigeration equipment. 1873, British Boyle invented the ammonia compressor. Thomas Sutcliffe Mott was born in Lancashire, England, and later moved to New South Wales. Thomas Mott and engineer Eugene Nicole's main achievements are: 186 1 year, the world's first refrigeration plant was established in Daling Port, Sydney, and a refrigeration ship was designed. 1876, the world's first general refrigerated ship "Rosam" was launched, and an ammonia compressor was installed on board. Unfortunately, the ship didn't anchor, but due to the leakage of its brine cooling pipe, the refrigeration system failed, the mutton deteriorated, and the experiment failed. Two years later, Mott died. However, people did not stop there. Subsequently, a French refrigerated ship equipped with an ammonia compressor successfully transported 70 tons of mutton from Argentina to France. Soon, a Bell-Konuman air refrigerator was loaded on the refrigerated ship Strasbourg Levin. 1879, the ship arrived in Sydney from Plymouth, England, carrying 40 tons of beef and mutton, and arrived in London on February 2 1880. During the four-month voyage, the temperature of the meat was kept at MINUS 70 degrees Celsius, so it didn't go bad. This batch of frozen meat is very popular, and the average price is as high as 1 1 USD/kg.
19 13 years, the United States began to sell a household refrigerator named "Dumel" in Chicago. Because the price is as high as 900 dollars, and the effect is not ideal, there are few buyers. Later, several new refrigerators were introduced, but the total sales volume did not reach/10 000 until 1920.
19 18, Cobrand, an engineer from Kelvinator Company in the United States, made the world's first mechanical refrigeration household refrigerator, which obviously made a breakthrough in refrigeration principle. But it is heavy, the shell is made of wood, the insulation material is made of seaweed mixed with sawdust, and the compressor is water-cooled and noisy. Although it is expensive, it is still very popular after it is put on the market. Its birth announced that the development of household refrigerators has entered a new stage.
Starting from 1920, the domestic refrigerator manufacturing industry was first formed in the United States and rapidly developed into an important industrial sector. 192 1 year, American arctic company made a refrigerator, and the compressor was hidden in the box. 1926 company changed the shell of refrigerator from wood to steel plate, which can make it smaller and not rot. 1927, after 12 years of research and development, General Electric Company of the United States made a "Manitai" brand refrigerator, which used a low-noise fully enclosed compressor for the first time and was welcomed by consumers. 1929, the company took the lead in introducing a combined double-door double-temperature refrigerator with refrigeration and freezing compartments separated. Initially formed the appearance of a modern household refrigerator.
192 1 year, montes and von Platen in Sweden also invented another kind of refrigerator.
From 65438 to 0930, various freon refrigerants appeared one after another, which accelerated the development of refrigeration technology. The following year, Freon-12 was patented.
1933, American arctic company developed a self-lubricating compressor sealed in a steel plate shell, which not only saved electricity but also provided reliable power for the refrigerator. In the same year, Klose Le Yi Company of the United States obtained a patent for installing shelves on refrigerator doors, and at this point, modern refrigerators were basically finalized.
The great development of refrigerators was after World War II. This household appliance is known as one of the "top ten inventions that changed the 20th century" and has become an indispensable thing for modern families and society.
Since 1970s, with the development of science and technology and the need of environmental protection, many new refrigerators have appeared. Such as semiconductor cold and hot refrigerators and solar refrigerators. According to the Montreal Protocol for the Protection of the Ozone Layer signed in 1987, it was agreed that developed countries would stop producing ozone-destroying Freon in 1996 (20 10 in China). Since then, the fluorine-containing refrigerator has completed its historical mission.