French composers Bizet, Saint-Sang and Verdi all used saxophone in their works. Saxophone is an indispensable instrument in jazz band trumpet band.
There are four kinds of saxophones commonly used now: soprano saxophone in B flat. E flat alto saxophone. Tenor saxophone in B flat major. Bass saxophone in e flat.
Several saxophones have exactly the same fingering, all of which are transposed instruments and recorded with high-pitched spectrum.
The French composer Berlioz once wrote: "The main feature of saxophone is the wonderful change of timbre, which is deep and calm, full of emotion, soft and sad, like an echo in an echo. No other instrument can make such a beautiful sound in a silent moment. "
Saxophone is also called "the incomparable romantic instrument".
Saxophone can not only play classical music well, but also play jazz and light music better. When people mention jazz, the first musical instrument that comes to mind is saxophone. The greatest feature of jazz is improvisation, inversion of strong and weak beats and continuous syncopation, which makes the rhythm change endlessly, and the timbre is dramatic, intense, manic and deep, funny and sad. Saxophone plays a sliding tone in timbre; Trembling and spitting; From the characteristics of super-blowing, it meets the needs of the greatest characteristics of jazz improvisation. Therefore, improvisation has also become a performance feature pursued by saxophone players.
Saxophone is made of metal, strong and weak, and its sound intensity is comparable to that of other brass instruments, which is incomparable to other woodwind instruments. The sound quality has the characteristics of woodwind instruments and the brightness of metal.
In the performance, because its structure is designed according to the scientific principle of Bohm flute, its mechanical system is reasonable and its components are flexible to use. Therefore, it can play difficult music like flute and clarinet. At the same time, compared with other woodwind instruments, it has its own uniqueness in the performance of sliding, vibrato, spitting and blowing. . The saxophone was invented by Belgian adolphe sax (18 14- 1894) in 1840. Adolf was keen on making musical instruments and was good at playing clarinet and flute. His initial idea was to design a bass instrument for the orchestra. Ophicleide is flexible and can adapt to outdoor performances. He combined the mouthpiece of the bass clarinet with that of Orphee Clyde, improved it, and named this new instrument after himself.
18 14 Adolf Antoine Sachs was born in Dinan, a small town in Belgium. His father was a prestigious musical instrument manufacturer at that time. Adolphe sax/Kloc-was an outstanding student of Broussais Conservatory of Music when he was 0/5 years old, and performed with Broussais Music Symphony Orchestra. He has considerable attainments in flute and clarinet, and it is precisely because he improved the clarinet that the clarinet became a standard member of the symphony. The Belgian government greatly encouraged him and awarded him the second prize in an exhibition. However, Adolphe Sachs was a little disappointed that he failed to win the first prize. Disappointed, he went to Paris to develop.
1842, adolphe sax invented the first saxophone, which is a saxophone with E-flat in both upper and lower bass. The invention of this musical instrument left a deep impression on Berlioz, a good friend of adolphe sax. Berlioz was one of the most influential musicians in Europe at that time. He praised the musical instrument invented by adolphe sax in various media, saying that it has the most human characteristics. People named the musical instrument "saxophone" according to adolphe sax's surname, and a musical instrument with the most beautiful timbre and distinctive shape was born.
1844, saxophone was first used in George Kane Turner's opera The Last King of Judea, and Berlioz also wrote an ensemble hymn for saxophone.
1846, the saxophone invented by adolphe sax was patented as a musical instrument. This established his prominent position in the music industry in Paris and was hailed as a genius in Europe. Then adolf saxophone opened a saxophone manufacturing enterprise in Paris. Adolf saxophone invented 14 saxophones with the same size and different shapes. (including trumpet, small treble saxophone and large bass saxophone. The trumpet of the bass saxophone is so big that you can even put a child in it. )
185 1 year, adolphe sax obtained a patent for a large metal tube with a hole spacing of 24 keys, which is called "saxophone system tube".
1853, the French army began to use saxophone, which perfectly combined woodwind music with brass music. At that time, wind bands from all over Europe came to buy this instrument-saxophone invented and produced by adolphe sax, which made adolphe sax a very rich man. Adolphe sax's success aroused the envy of his peers, so he was taken to court, claiming that adolphe sax had stolen their patents and bravely defended his invention and honor.
1860, an Englishman, Andiel, developed his first saxophone during the popularity of saxophone, breaking the monopoly position of Adolf saxophone. Because of Andiel's hard pursuit, his saxophone is sought after by many saxophonists for its exquisite workmanship and beautiful timbre.
1885, French Selma wind instrument manufacturing company was established in Paris, which was named after its founder Henri Selmer. Selma musical instrument manufacturing company mainly produces single reed musical instruments, especially saxophone and clarinet, and its excellent product quality is world-renowned.
Around 1886, the first wind band in the history of China was founded by Robert Hart, a foreigner who was then the General Affairs Section of China Customs [1835-1911].
1887, adolphe sax added a "B-flat" key to the original "B" key of saxophone, and added a half-frame device to several bass and larger keys to protect the key.
1894, penniless adolphe sax died in Paris, but what can comfort his soul in heaven is that after years of efforts by his lawyer, he finally won the lawsuit against his opponent.
Before 1900, there were not many works about saxophone, because many musicians didn't know whether saxophone could exist for a long time, so many musicians didn't set foot in the field of saxophone, but they could still find saxophone in symphonies, and they had excellent performances, such as Bizet's "Girls in Arles City"; Ravel Mosolski's photo exhibition, etc.
1903 Debussy composed a alto saxophone rhapsody and a wind band for a very rich woman in Boston. Mrs Hall later became an excellent saxophonist, and she also invited famous composers such as Dandy and Lovel to create works for saxophone.
At the beginning of the century, European military bands toured the North American continent, and some saxophonists settled in Louisiana.
It was not until the 1920s that jazz brought the treble saxophone into jazz. The rich expressive force of saxophone in jazz amazed the world, thus establishing the absolute position of saxophone in jazz. Sidney Beecher is also known as the "father" of saxophone.