1. "Bay Area Economy" has become a new model for coordinated economic development in coastal areas and has become a hot topic among all walks of life. The three major bay areas, including Tokyo Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area and New York Bay Area, are respectively regarded as "industrial areas". Representatives of the "Bay Area", "Technology Bay Area" and "Financial Bay Area" have become the reference frame for the domestic development of the "Bay Area Economy" and have attracted much attention. In fact, with the changes in Japan's domestic economic and social environment and the development of economic globalization , the Tokyo Bay Area has evolved into a bay area that gathers upstream manufacturing, innovative activities, and high-end service industries such as materials, parts, and equipment.
2. Because the Tokyo Bay Area has Tokyo Port, Yokohama Port, and Kawasaki Port. With its excellent ports and railway, road network and reclamation history, etc., it is suitable for industrial production based on the import of raw materials/export of finished products and the supply of domestic and foreign markets, thus attracting a large number of industries to gather in Tokyo Bay and absorbing A large number of rural labor forces have concentrated in the Tokyo Bay Area. Heavy industries such as steel, machinery, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles and other assembly industries, and light industries such as papermaking, food, and clothing have also developed along with the concentration of factories and population. , rising wages and other factor prices, insufficient industrial water, traffic congestion and environmental pollution, etc. Driven by policies and markets, industries have gradually moved to the three major industries of Keihin, Chukyo and Hanshin. The proportion of industrial production in the zone changed from 24.7, 10.8, and 20.9 in 1960 to 17.5, 11.7, and 14.1 in 1980. After the 1980s, with the rapid development of globalization and the sharp appreciation of the yen, a large number of manufacturing industries moved overseas, and the three major The industrial production in the industrial zone further changed to 13.3, 14.1, 10.7 in 2000 and 10.3, 16.5, and 10.1 in 2006. Among them, the industrial production in the Keihin industrial zone dropped most significantly.
3. In the above. In the process of industrial economic development and evolution, the industries in the Tokyo Bay Area are gradually developing towards high value-added industries, service industries and new economies. At the same time, the spatial concept of the Tokyo Bay Area has also evolved from the Keihin industrial zone to include Tokyo, Kanagawa, Chiba, and Japan. The Tokyo area, a metropolitan area that organically combines cities and counties such as Japan, has evolved. Various resources such as population, capital, and information have continued to be concentrated in the Tokyo area. At the same time, the Tokyo Bay Area has become the main window for connections with the international economy and society. In fact, the Tokyo Bay Area Its role in the national economy continues unabated. According to the "World Urbanareas" report released by DEMOGRAPHIA in April 2017, the population of the Tokyo Bay Area metropolitan area in 2014 was 37.84 million (the first in the world), with an area of ??8,547 square kilometers. . The population is much higher than the New York Bay Area and the San Francisco Bay Area, lower than the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area and close to the Hangzhou Greater Bay Area. According to the 2014 Purchasing Power Evaluation of Global Metropolitan Areas released by the Brookings Institution in the United States in January 2015. In terms of gross regional product (GRP), the Tokyo Bay Area reaches US$1.6 trillion (the first in the world), which is higher than the New York Bay Area's US$1.4 trillion. It is estimated that the GRP of the Tokyo Bay Area will reach US$2.2 trillion in 2025. It’s also higher than the $190 million in the New York Bay Area. According to Japanese government statistics (2012), the GDP of the Tokyo Bay Area (administrative area Tokyo area) accounts for approximately 34% of Japan's total population, 28% of its total population, 29% of its employment, and 17.4% of its manufacturing sales. Judging from the composition of the three industries, the tertiary industry has expanded to about 75%, while the secondary industry has also remained at about 22%.
4. With the advent of the era of knowledge economy, the advantages of educational resources and innovative resources in the Tokyo Bay Area have led to the agglomeration of knowledge-based/technology-intensive industries such as communications industry, software industry, design, and biomedicine. significant increase. There are currently 780 universities in Japan, and there are 225 in the Tokyo Bay Area, accounting for 29%. Academic research institutions account for about 40% of the country's total, and the number of researchers exceeds 60%. Both of these proportions exceed the number of enterprises and employees in the entire industry, which accounts for 30%. The result of this concentration of talent and innovation resources in the Tokyo Bay Area is also reflected in innovation output. For example, in 2013, the number of invention patent authorizations in the Tokyo Bay Area accounted for 61% of the country's total.
According to a survey by the World Intellectual Property Organization, the Tokyo Bay Area ranked first in the world patent application (PCT) ranking of regional innovation clusters, followed by Shenzhen, Hong Kong and the San Francisco Bay Area.
5. In addition, the concentration of commercial activities in the Tokyo Bay Area is also very obvious. According to Japanese official statistics, 50.1% of large companies with capital of more than 1 billion yen are concentrated in Tokyo (including 38 Fortune 500 companies); 76.6% of the Japanese headquarters of foreign-funded companies are concentrated in Tokyo. In addition, Japanese official surveys show that 60% of foreigners visiting Japan for business purposes visit the Tokyo Bay Area, while only 42% of foreign tourists visiting Japan for sightseeing and leisure. Analysts believe that in addition to the concentration of talents and companies, strengthened intellectual property protection, Tokyo's high-quality market trends, and a comfortable business environment including good public security, housing, transportation, and life services are also factors that promote the commercial activities of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises to the Tokyo Bay Area. agglomeration factors.
6. In short, the development of Tokyo Bay Area has gone through different stages such as industrial agglomeration, service industry agglomeration and innovative resource aggregation. In the process of agglomeration development, in addition to the negative effects such as rising land prices, traffic congestion, and environmental damage caused by excessive concentration of industries and populations, it will also bring about negative effects such as unbalanced regional development across the country.
7. In the process of planning and developing the "Bay Area Economy", China can learn from the useful experience of the development of the Tokyo Bay Area, such as increasing investment in ports, transportation, communications and other hardware, improving the business environment and Basic living environment such as public security is also an important factor in improving the attractiveness of the Bay Area. At the same time, we must not neglect to deal with the negative impacts of excessive concentration on the economy, society, environment, etc. In addition, China's economy has entered a stage of development from expanding quantity to pursuing high-quality development. The priority policy choice for the construction of "Bay Area Economy" should be to weaken the investment drive and emphasize innovative development.