Water hyacinth, also known as Eichhornia crassipes, originated in Venezuela in South America and spread all over more than 50 countries. Many water towns in the south of China are farmed and used as feed for pigs. Water hyacinth belongs to Euphorbiaceae. Because the sponge tissue in its stem is developed and swells a lot, it can become a standing or floating herb. It blooms in summer with 6- 12 spikes.
Therefore, water hyacinth is an exotic species. The original intention was to make pig feed. Later, because of its strong reproductive ability, it blocked the river, consumed oxygen in the water, and destroyed the water quality (unable to raise fish), which was considered unfavorable to water conservancy and so on. Water hyacinth is easy to freeze to death by heavy snow in winter, and several plants will be needed to breed on the windward side of the backrest or in places where snow can't cover it next year. So the current mass reproduction is also related to climate warming. Climate warming is caused by over-development of industry and neglect of environmental protection. Investigate its merits and demerits, it was meritorious in the early stage and had it in the later stage.
However, it should be noted that these failures are not caused by water hyacinth. Its root lies in improper use by people.
So, besides making pig feed, what role does water hyacinth have?
1, pollution control: the role of water hyacinth in treating sewage: the ability of water hyacinth to absorb pollution is considered to be the strongest among all aquatic plants. Under suitable conditions, a hectare of water hyacinth can absorb nitrogen and phosphorus discharged by 800 people on the same day, and water hyacinth can also remove heavy metal elements such as cadmium, lead, mercury, thallium, silver, cobalt and strontium from sewage. Sensitive to As, when As (As) in water is 0.06ppm, the leaves will have injury symptoms after 2 hours, which can be used to monitor whether As (As) exists in water. Eichhornia crassipes can also be used to purify toxic substances in water, such as Zn (zinc), As (arsenic), Hg (mercury), Cd (cadmium) and Pb (lead). Its natural zinc content is relatively high, reaching about 1 15ppm. After 38 days' incubation with wastewater containing 10ppmZnSO4, the zinc content in the body was as high as 280ppm.
In the 20th century, when water pollution became more and more serious, 80? In the 1990s, the water hyacinth, which still grows well in sewage, aroused people's surprise. While admiring it, people gave the last reason for its popularity: purifying water quality.
1992, researchers at okayama university published a book called "water hyacinth saves the earth", praising it for purifying water and air and reducing greenhouse gases. Using water hyacinth as raw material, various foods such as bread, biscuits, steamed stuffed buns and noodles were developed, and even a book called? Purple beauty? Best-selling wine
2. Making furniture skillfully: A new type of environmental protection furniture has quietly appeared in Shanghai. All kinds of furniture and decorations made of specially treated water hyacinth are not only lower in cost than rattan furniture and wooden furniture, but also free of formaldehyde and low in price. The treated water hyacinth furniture can also decompose indoor harmful gases into water and carbon dioxide, thus purifying the environment.
3. Feeding Rex Rabbit: Water hyacinth was processed into grass powder feed to feed Rex Rabbit in Qingpu District of Shanghai, and rabbit manure and pressed filtrate of Water hyacinth were used as biogas generation sources. Results The project can collect 65,438+200,000 tons of water hyacinth and raise 250,000 rex rabbits every year.
4. Making adhesive: A biological company in Wuhan made non-toxic biological adhesive with water hyacinth, which is widely used in composite floors. This patented technology has attracted the attention of many enterprises.
5. Functional beverage: The flowers and tender leaves of water hyacinth can be eaten directly, and its taste is fragrant and refreshing, which has the effect of relaxing bowels. Indigenous people in Malaysia and other places often use the tender leaves and flowers of water hyacinth as vegetables. In addition, a company in Hubei has produced the first batch of 6.5438+0.7 million bottles of water hyacinth functional drinks and sold them out.
6. Papermaking: Water hyacinth is a good raw material for papermaking. In 1980s, Hyderabad Regional Research Institute of India began to produce writing paper, advertising paper and card paper from the leaves of water hyacinth.
Eichhornia crassipes can be planted in rivers and pools with poor water quality as purification materials because of its strong water purification effect. It can also be used as a decorative material for aquariums or indoor swimming pools.
7. Medicine:
Indications: List of Medicinal Plants in Guangxi: "Clearing away heat and toxic materials, removing dampness, expelling wind and clearing heat". External application of hot sores. "
Harvesting in summer and autumn, drying or fresh use.
Administration and dosage for oral administration: decoction, 0.5 ~ 1, external use: pounding.
The main function of water hyacinth is that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
The greatest contribution of water hyacinth to human beings is to purify sewage, decompose toxic substances and protect human health. According to experiments, a hectare of water hyacinth can adsorb 34 kg of sodium, 22 kg of calcium, 4 kg of phosphorus 17 kg, 4 kg of manganese, 2. 1 kg of phenol, 89 g of mercury, 0/04 g of aluminum and 297 g of aluminum from sewage within 24 hours. According to the experiment, the zinc content of water hyacinth was higher 133% than that of the control plant when it was cultured in sewage containing 10 mg/L for 38 days. Water hyacinth can also decompose toxic substances such as phenol and cyanide into nontoxic substances.
In addition to water hyacinth, water hyacinth, duckweed, Potamogeton crispus, Ceratophyllum, reed, hollow amaranth, cattail and other plants also have good sewage purification ability.