Such as bones, blood vessels and ligaments. , determine the elasticity of the skin, protect the brain, and contribute to the healing of human trauma.
2, treatment of scurvy: the strength of blood vessel wall has a lot to do with VC. Microvessel is the smallest of all blood vessels, and its wall may be only one cell thick. Its strength and elasticity are determined by collagen, which is responsible for connecting cells and has the function of cement. When VC is insufficient in the body, microvessels are easy to rupture and blood flows to adjacent tissues.
When this happens on the skin surface, it will produce congestion and cyanosis; When it happens in the body, it can cause pain and joint swelling. In severe cases, bleeding of stomach, intestine, nose, kidney and periosteum may occur, and even death may occur.
3. Prevent gum atrophy and bleeding: Healthy gums tightly wrap every tooth. Gingiva is soft tissue, which is prone to atrophy and bleeding when lacking protein, calcium and VC.
Vitamin c is slightly acidic. As a micronutrient, it is ingested into the body. After being dissolved and digested in the body, its acidity and alkalinity have little effect on the human body, so it is not necessary to pay too much attention to its acidity and alkalinity.
Vitamin C helps to consolidate cell tissue, help to synthesize collagen, strengthen bones and teeth, and prevent gum bleeding. Long-term use is harmless and beneficial to teeth and gums.
4. Prevention of arteriosclerosis: It can promote the excretion of cholesterol, prevent cholesterol from depositing on the inner wall of arteries, and even dissolve the deposited atherosclerotic plaques.
5, antioxidants: can protect other antioxidants, such as vitamin A, vitamin E, unsaturated fatty acids, and prevent free radicals from harming the human body.
6. Treatment of anemia: It can reduce trivalent iron, which is difficult to absorb and utilize, to ferrous iron, promote the absorption of iron in intestine, improve the utilization rate of iron in liver, and help to treat iron deficiency anemia.
7, cancer prevention: rich collagen helps to prevent the spread of cancer cells; The antioxidant effect of VC can resist the damage of free radicals to cells and prevent cell variation; Prevent nitrite and secondary amine from forming strong carcinogen nitrosamine. Someone once dissected a patient who died of cancer and found that the VC content in the patient was almost zero.
8. Protection: In human life activities, glutathione and enzymes are very important to ensure cell integrity and normal metabolism.
Because most mammals can synthesize vitamin C through the liver, there is no problem of deficiency. However, a few animals, such as humans, primates and groundhogs, cannot synthesize themselves and must be ingested through food and drugs.
9. Enzyme: Glutathione is a short peptide composed of glutamic acid, cystine and glycine, which has redox effect in the body. It exists in two forms, namely oxidation type and reduction type, and reduction type plays an important role in ensuring the integrity of cell membrane.
VC is a strong antioxidant, which reduces oxidized glutathione to reduced glutathione through its own oxidation, thus playing an antioxidant role.
Enzymes are catalysts for biochemical reactions, and some enzymes need free sulfhydryl (-SH) to keep their activity. VC can reduce disulfide bond (-S-S) to -SH, thus improving the activity of related enzymes and playing an antioxidant role.
As can be seen from the above, as long as VC is sufficient, VC, glutathione and -SH will form a powerful combination of anti-oxidation, scavenging free radicals, preventing lipid peroxidation and toxic effects of certain chemicals, and protecting the detoxification ability of the liver and the normal metabolism of cells.
10, improving human immunity: white blood cells are rich in VC, and when people are infected, the VC in white blood cells decreases sharply. VC can enhance the chemotaxis and deformability of neutrophils and improve their bactericidal ability.
Promote the generation of lymphocytes and improve the body's ability to identify and kill foreign cells and malignant cells.
Participate in the synthesis of immunoglobulin.
Improve the activity of complement esterase in CI and increase the production of complement CI.
Promote the production of interferon, interfere with the transcription of virus mRNA, and inhibit the proliferation of virus.
1 1, improve the body's emergency ability: abnormal stimulation, such as severe pain, cold, lack of oxygen and strong mental stimulation, will trigger a state of tension to resist abnormal stimulation. This state is accompanied by a series of organisms, including sympathetic nerve excitement, adrenal medulla and increased secretion of corticosteroids.
Adrenaline and norepinephrine secreted by adrenal medulla are converted from tyrosine, which requires VC.
1928, Hungarian biochemist Albert Saint-Giurgi successfully isolated 1g pure vitamin C from the accessory kidney gland of cattle in the laboratory of British chemist Frederic Gorland Hopkins.
He also won the 1932 Nobel Prize in Medicine for his research on vitamin C and oxidation reaction in human body. 1928, the chemical formula of vitamin C was determined to be C6H8O6, so it was called hexuronic acid.
1929 went to Mayo Hospital in Rochester, Minnesota, USA for research. A nearby slaughterhouse provided him with a large number of bovine accessory kidneys for free, from which he separated 25 grams of vitamin C.
He sent half of the purified vitamin C to the British sugar chemist Walter H. Haworth for analysis. But at that time, the technology was not mature, and Haworth could not determine the structure of vitamin C.
Szent-Gyorgyi returned to Hungary in 1930, and found that there was a lot of vitamin C in Hungarian peppers. He successfully separated 1 kg of pure caproic acid from it and sent another batch to Haworth for further analysis.
1932, charles king, a chemist in Pittsburgh, USA, learned from JoeSvirbely, a student of Szent-Gyorgyi, that he had identified hexuronic acid as vitamin C, and he first published this result in the journal Nature. However, 1937 Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Szent-Gyorgyi for his research on vitamin C and oxidation reaction in human body.
Haworth determined the correct chemical structure of vitamin C, and made vitamin C by different methods, and won the 1937 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Szent-Gyorgyi and Haworth finally decided to name vitamin C ascorbic acid.
1933, Swiss chemist Thaddaus Reichstein invented the industrial production method of vitamin C. In this method, glucose was first reduced to sorbitol, which was fermented by bacteria to become sorbose, and acetone was added to the sorbose to make diacetone sorbose, which was oxidized by chlorine and sodium hydroxide to become DAKS (diacetone gulonic acid).
DAKS was dissolved in mixed organic solution and recombined into vitamin C under the action of acidic catalyst. The patent right of this method was purchased by Roche Company as 1934, which has become the main method for industrial production of vitamin C for more than 50 years. Roche therefore monopolized the vitamin C market.
1948 SARS (formerly known as atypical pneumonia) prevailed in the eastern United States, 1949 global polio epidemic. Doctors all over the world have no choice but to isolate patients and prevent infection. Dr. Fred R. Klenner of South Carolina, USA, has cured many of these two patients with intravenous vitamin C.
Klenner found that intravenous vitamin C can treat all viral diseases, such as hepatitis, encephalitis, influenza and many other acute and chronic diseases. His experience and many other reports on the use of vitamins to treat diseases have been ignored by the medical community. The pharmaceutical industry pursues high-profit patented drugs and vaccines, while unpatented vitamins are squeezed out and suppressed.
1959, American biochemist J. J. Burns found that scurvy in humans and primates is due to the lack of an enzyme-L-gulonolactone oxidase, which is one of the four essential enzymes to convert glucose into vitamin C. Therefore, people must take vitamin C from food to maintain health.
Other mammals make vitamin C in the liver, while amphibians and fish make vitamin C in the kidneys. Many human-specific diseases, such as colds, colds, flu, hepatitis, heart disease and cancer, are rare in animals. These diseases are caused by the inability of the human body to produce vitamins by itself.
1980, Yin Guanglin, a researcher at Beijing Institute of Microbiology, China Academy of Sciences, invented a new two-step fermentation process of vitamin C, which greatly improved the one-step fermentation process in Reichstein and reduced the production cost of vitamin C.
In this method, glucose was first reduced to sorbitol, then transformed into sorbose by the first bacterial fermentation, then transformed into KGA(2- keto-Gulloni acid) by the second bacterial fermentation, and finally alienated into vitamin C. The international right to use this patent was sold to Swiss Roche Company on 1985, which was the largest foreign technology transfer project in China at that time.
Roche obtained a patent, but did not use it, and still used the ancient Reichstein one-step fermentation method. Its purpose is to prevent other foreign companies from using the new law to compete with them. The domestic right to use this patent in China was not sold to Roche. By the early stage of 1990, 26 pharmaceutical factories producing vitamin C by two-step fermentation were established in China.
Extended data
C (Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), also called L- ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble vitamin, which is rich in fruits and vegetables. It plays a regulatory role in redox metabolic reaction, and the lack of it will cause scurvy. Under normal circumstances, most of vitamin C is decomposed into oxalic acid or combined with sulfuric acid to generate ascorbic acid -2- sulfuric acid, and the other part can be directly excreted from urine.
reference data
Baidu vitamin c encyclopedia