What are the pictures of bridge shapes?
Question 1: What are the shapes and structures of bridges? 1. First of all, the shapes of bridges are:
There are four main types of long-span bridges: Types: arch bridges, suspension bridges, cable-stayed bridges, collaborative system bridges;
Small and medium-span bridges mainly include: arch bridges, beam bridges, arch-beam composite system bridges, steel truss bridges...
Beam bridges are further divided into: simply supported beam bridges, continuous beam bridges, cantilever beam bridges, rigid bridges, etc...
Arch bridges are further divided into simple arch bridges, truss arch bridges, and continuous arch bridges.< /p>
Beam-arch composite system bridges are further divided into: upper-supporting bridges, middle-supporting bridges (commonly known as flying bird bridges), and lower-supporting bridges (commonly known as tied arches).
There are also bridge types Various combinations and various unusual bridges such as lift bridges, belt pull bridges, etc...
2. The structure of the bridge is divided into:
1. Upper part Structure, extremely bridge collapse structure;
2. Substructure, including piers, abutments and foundations;
3. Supports;
4. Ancillary facilities , including bridge deck paving, drainage and waterproofing systems, railings (or anti-collision railings), expansion joints and lighting, etc.
Question 2: What are the types of bridges? There are four basic types: beam bridge, pontoon bridge, cable bridge and arch bridge. beam bridge. Also known as flat bridge and empty span bridge, it is a bridge with piers as horizontal distance supports, and then the beams are erected and the bridge deck is flat. This is the most commonly used type of bridge, and it appeared earlier than other bridge types in history. It comes in the form of wood, stone or a mixture of wood and stone. In the pre-Qin period, beam bridges all used wooden columns as piers. However, this wooden column and wooden beam structure showed its weaknesses very early and could not adapt to the development of the situation. Therefore, they were replaced by stone pillar and wooden beam bridges, such as the multi-span long bridges built in the Qin and Han Dynasties: Wei Bridge, Ba Bridge, etc. Around the time of the Han Dynasty, pile foundation technology was invented, and stone bridge piers appeared, indicating that bridges composed of wood and stone could span wider rivers and withstand the impact of raging floods. However, because the wooden beams on the stone piers were not resistant to wind and rain erosion, bridge houses were built on the bridge to protect the bridge body. This bridge type (covered bridge) was later more common in the south, but it was first seen in the Yellow River Basin. Small and medium-sized stone beams or stone slab bridges are convenient in structure, durable in materials, and labor-saving in maintenance. They are the most popular bridge shape among the people. Especially after the Southern Song Dynasty, they became very popular in Quanzhou, Fujian, and many long stone beams were created. bridge. If a beam bridge has no piers in the middle, it is called a single-span beam bridge; if there is a pier in the water so that the bridge body forms two holes, it is called a double-span beam bridge; if there are more than two piers, it is called a multi-span beam bridge. pontoon. Also known as pontoon bridge, floating boat, or floating truss, it is also called "war bridge" because it is easy to erect and is often used for military purposes. A bridge on the water that is chained and juxtaposed on the water, and the boats are covered with planks for people and horses to pass. If a bridge in the strict sense is marked by a span and piers, then it is not a bridge in the full sense. Floating bridges are mainly built in places where the river surface is too wide, too deep, or where there are large fluctuations, making it difficult for ordinary wooden and stone pillar-beam bridges to help. There are many pillars or iron cows, iron mountains, stone lions, etc. on both sides of the pontoon bridge to tie the cables. The Tianjin Bridge built on Luoshui River in Luoyang in the first year of Sui Dynasty was the first pontoon bridge to use iron chains to connect ships. Floating bridges are still commonly used in southern my country such as Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Guangxi and other places. Advantages of pontoon bridges: First, construction is fast. In the second year of Xianfeng in the Qing Dynasty (AD 1852), the Taiping Army besieged Wuchang and built two pontoon bridges across the Yangtze River in just one night. Second, the cost is low. Zou Shouyi of the Ming Dynasty once compared stone bridges and pontoon bridges in "Repairing the Fenglin Floating Bridge": "If you use a stone beam bridge, it will cost a thousand gold, but if you use a pontoon bridge, it will only cost five hundred gold. It can be determined according to the needs. "Third, it can be opened and closed at will, and it is very convenient to dismantle and erect. The disadvantage is that it has a small load capacity, fluctuates with the waves, and has a weak ability to withstand floods. It often needs to be dismantled in time and needs to be taken care of. The management is cumbersome. The boat, bridge deck and mooring cables need to be repaired and replaced frequently, and the maintenance cost is high. expensive. Therefore, the final destination of many floating bridges develops into wooden beam bridges, stone beam bridges or stone arch bridges. rope bridge. Also known as suspension bridge, rope bridge, suspension bridge, etc., it is a bridge suspended with bamboo ropes, rattan ropes, iron ropes, etc. as the backbone. They are mostly built on steep banks and dangerous valleys where the water flow is fast and it is difficult to build bridge piers. They are mainly found in the southwest region. The method is to build a house on both sides of the bank, with a rope-tying column and a rope-twisting column in each house, and then use a number of thick ropes to tie them flat, and then lay wooden boards across the ropes, and some also add one or two ropes on both sides. as a handrail.
It first appeared in the Qin and Han Dynasties. For example, Qin Li Bing built a Zuo Bridge in the southwest of Yizhou (now Chengdu), Sichuan, also known as Yili Bridge, which was a bamboo cable bridge. Famous existing ones include the Luding Iron Cable Bridge and the Guanxian Bamboo Cable Bridge built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Crossing the cable bridge feels very thrilling, just as the ancients described crossing the cable bridge: "A person is suspended in mid-air, trying to cross a ravine. If he doesn't stop for a moment, he will fall into a bottomless valley." Zhimeng, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, said: "If you can't see the bottom, you can't see the bottom. "In fact, it is actually safe to cross it, just as "Xu Xiake's Travels" commented on the Panjiang Bridge in Guizhou: "It seems to be floating when you look at it, but it is still standing when you practice it." It appeared late in the history of bridges in my country, but once the arch bridge structure was adopted, it developed rapidly and became the most vital bridge type among ancient bridges. Even today, it still has broad prospects for continued development. Arch bridges can be divided into stone arches, brick arches and wooden arches. Among them, brick arch bridges are extremely rare and are only occasionally used in temples or gardens. The most common one is the stone arch bridge, which can be divided into single arch, double arch and multiple arch. The number of arches depends on the width of the river. Generally, the arch in the middle should be particularly tall, and the arches on both sides should be slightly smaller. According to the shape of the arch, it can be divided into five sides, semicircle, pointed arch, flat arch, etc. The bridge deck is usually paved with stone slabs and the bridge sides are made of stone railings. The image of the arch bridge was first seen on the portrait bricks of the Eastern Han Dynasty. It was produced by the outrigger wood and stone beam bridge that was influenced by the shapes of tomb arches, water pipes, etc. during the development process. Documentary records can be found in "Shui Jing...>>
Question 3: The shape and structure of the bridge. The shape and structure of the bridge
Teaching objectives
Scientific concept
●Bridges have many different structures, and some bridges combine multiple structures into one.
●The shape and structure of the bridge are suitable for its function.
Processes and Methods
●Improve the ability to observe, compare, describe and evaluate.
Emotions, attitudes, values
●Understand the role of science and technology in social progress.
●Feel and appreciate the beauty of the bridge’s shape and structure.
Teaching preparation
Prepare for the group: straws or bamboo pieces, thick wire.
Gather for the class: wooden boards or corrugated cardboard, rope.
Teachers themselves prepare: pictures or video materials of various bridges.
Teaching process:
1. Introduction of new courses
Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert in my country, once said: "Bridges are the most common type of bridges that have existed since ancient times. And the most special building. ”
2. The beautiful Rainbow Bridge-Arch Bridge.
Show the pictures and observe and compare these arch bridges. What are the similarities and differences between them? What are the advantages of each? (The teacher shows the pictures for students to observe)
1. Experiment: use wooden sticks Make an arch, and then compare the two to see which side has greater stress.
2. (For an arch bridge with the bridge deck below the arch, the bridge deck can pull the arch feet and offset the outward thrust generated by the arch. The bridge deck is tightened by the horizontal force, which also increases the length of the bridge deck. )
3. Cable bridges
1. Observe cable bridges. What are their main stress-bearing parts?
(Students State your own observations and ideas)
2. Use actual examples to illustrate (it can be combined with the Taiping Bridge in our hometown for illustration)
Observe what the structure of these bridges is like. What are the advantages of a cable bridge?
3. Experiment: simulate making a cable bridge (this is a demonstration experiment by the teacher)
In practical situations, middle school students observe and think about problems. Answer when the presentation is complete.
(1) Two people pull the rope to lift the "bridge" at the same time. In what direction do we exert force?
(2) If we pull the rope straighter and straighter again, what will happen to the force we feel?
4. Combining it with our lives Making Bridge
Using spare time, students can complete it in groups or independently, and then submit the work, and the teacher and classmates will evaluate its level.
Ask students to explain their ideas and principles for designing and making bridges?
What are the characteristics of the bridges they designed? Ask students who have done well to demonstrate and explain, so as to further understand knowledge of this unit.
Blackboard design:
The height of the arch of the arch bridge is different
The thrust on both sides of the arch is different
Cable bridge
Reflection after teaching:
Experimental materials for cable bridges should be prepared in advance. Teachers can prepare relevant models or pictures in advance and ask students to bring them to this class for research.
Question 4: What is the best shape of the paper bridge? The best load-bearing shape with pictures? Arch September 28, 2013 16:00:49
Question 5: Help me find it Pictures and introduction of the bridge? Talk about the name of the bridge (Mao Yisheng)
Everything has a name, and some even have proper names, just like people have names. Since it is a name, it must be chosen well. Our country's modern bridges have been influenced by the West, and they are always named from a geographical point of view. As long as you can point out its location so that people can see it at a glance, that's enough. On railways and highways, mile markers are used as names, just like the "345,678 kilometers bridge" on a certain road, which is really unwavering. However, the names of bridges in ancient my country were not like this. It always has a literary flavor that makes people feel emotional and unforgettable after seeing it. It may be chronicle and lyrical, arousing deep thoughts and daydreams; or it may be poetic and picturesque, making people feel relaxed and happy. In this way, through careful naming, the history, role or influence of a bridge can be immediately revealed, making it easy to spread. The "worth" of the bridge has also increased as a result. Once a bridge becomes famous, its names will also increase. In addition to its official name, it also has common names, aliases, etc. Just like a person's name, in addition to its scientific name, it also has aliases, small characters, etc. Some of them were formed naturally and gradually among the people, while others were made by scholars who wanted to use them to name themselves. In short, it has become a custom to inscribe bridge achievements and it is also a feature of ancient Chinese culture.
The title of the bridge does not have many characters, just like the name of a person, it is usually two characters, sometimes only one character. Only one or two characters can show the characteristics of the bridge, which is the wonderful use of our Chinese characters. This is due to the many allusions in our country's history and the rich idioms in literature. The wealth in literature and history has greatly added glory to the name of the bridge. However, there are many bridges, and allusions and idioms about them also serve literature and history. For example, in "Historical Records", the phrase "faith is like a tail life" comes from the allusion of bridge, and in "Afang Palace Fu", the phrase "long bridge lies on the waves" comes from the idiom of bridge. If the name of the bridge is well inscribed, it will make a contribution to literature and history. The bridge name is so important.
Now let’s introduce some bridge names to get a glimpse of the richness of bridge literature in our country, which may be unparalleled in the world. Let’s talk about single names first. The more famous ones include: "Lanqiao" on the Lanxi River in Lantian County, Shaanxi, "it is said that there is a fairy cave there, which is where Tang Pei Hang met Yunying"; "Fengqiao" is in Suzhou, and Tang Zhang Ji's "Fengqiao Night" "Moor" poem; "Broken Bridge" in the West Lake of Hangzhou, Zhang Hu's poem in the Tang Dynasty: "The Broken Bridge is covered with moss", and Mo Zhong in the Ming Dynasty had the poem "Broken Bridge with Remaining Snow" and so on. However, the single-name bridge often refers to it in general, but it may be a proper name. Some of them are named after the material, such as "Stone Bridge". Emperor Wen of Liang Jian wrote a poem "Stone Bridge": "When I write about the rainbow, I want to drink. "The stars look real"; "Iron Bridge", Wu Zhaoyuan of the Ming Dynasty wrote the poem "Crossing the Iron Bridge": "A group of treasure rafts are crossing, and the golden ropes are eight ways open"; "Bamboo Bridge", Du Fu's poem "Viewing the Construction of Bamboo Bridges", etc. Some specify the location of the bridge, such as "Mountain Bridge", Liang Jian Emperor Wen's poem: "Lying stone vines are used as cables, mountain bridge trees are beams"; "Jiang Bridge", Tang Du Fu's poem: "Mountain counties close the market early, Jiangqiao spring "Gathering Boats"; "Wild Bridge", a poem by Liu Changqing of the Tang Dynasty: "The wild bridge is broken by the rain, and the stream flows to the fields", etc. Some specify the shape of the bridge, such as "square bridge", a poem by Han Yu of the Tang Dynasty: "If you want to ask about a square bridge, the square bridge is like this"; "slant bridge", a poem by Ouyang Xiu of the Song Dynasty: "the waves are willow-colored and the sky is dark, the slanted bridge in Quzhu "Hua Ge Tong"; "Hua Bridge", a poem by Fan Yuqiu of the Song Dynasty: "The painting bridge hangs outside the willows as promised, reflecting the setting sun with a touch of red"; "Zhu Bridge", a poem by Zheng Gu of the Tang Dynasty: "The Zhu Bridge goes straight to Jinmen Road, and the pink battlements "Gaolian Yuleiyun"; "overpass", both in Baodou City, Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province and Dali City, Yunnan Province. Dali's "The lower part is broken and the upper part is connected, and the stone beam spans it. The two rocks are splashed with water and beads, just like plum blossoms. People call them the unforgettable plum blossoms." wait. Some are related to bridgeside scenery, such as "Flower Bridge", which is found in Ningde County, Fujian, Changyang County, Hubei, and Guilin, Guangxi. Guilin is known as "Flower Bridge Misty Rain"; "Liu Bridge", in the West Lake of Hangzhou, was created by Bangyan of Song Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty. Words: "When the water rises, the fish will fall over the willow bridge when the sky rises" etc. Some are more special, such as the "Grass Bridge" outside You'anmen Gate in Beijing; the "Xi Bridge" in Dongping County, Shandong Province. "It is said that Emperor Zhenzong of the Song Dynasty sealed Mount Tai in the east, and used mats to spread out while driving"; "Gua Bridge" , Fuyang County, Zhejiang Province, "it is said that Sun Zhong set up a melon on this bridge"; the "Duck Bridge" is in Shaanxi City, Shaanxi Province. "Jinqiao" was in Shangdang, Shanxi, and Tang Panyan wrote "Jinqiao Fu".
There are even more weird things, such as the "hidden bridge". In Jianping County, Anhui, "it is said that soldiers ran to Wu and took shelter in the mountains. The pursuers came here, and the clouds protected them. When the soldiers reached the bridge, the sky was dark"; "Ghost Bridge" , "Beginner's Notes" "There is a ghost bridge above"; "Red Bridge" is on the North Canal of Jinshui River in Taiyuan, Shanxi, "Taizong of the Song Dynasty chiseled Wolong Mountain, and the blood flowed out into the river, so it was renamed today", etc.
It is most common and standardized to use two characters in the name of a bridge. There are many bridges with single names, and there are many more bridges with double names. Just imagine, every bridge has a name. How many bridge names would there be in our ancient country! However, among the thousands of single and double names, there are not many that are repeated. If all the bridge names were collected , compiled into a film "...>>
Question 6: What will the bridge of the future look like in the picture? You may not be able to see its piers, as if they are floating in the air, like water. Impurities
Question 7: Pictures of what the future bridge will look like and how to make a simple bridge model
The materials that need to be prepared are: several pieces of paper and a transparent tape. The specific steps are as follows:
1. Use four torn pieces of paper to roll them up, and try to roll them as tightly as possible.
2. Use two large pieces of paper to roll out two long strips, which are just a little longer than the four strips above and should be rolled tightly.
3. Next, fold a large piece of paper like a channel steel, making sure to fold one centimeter on both sides.
4. Fold four small strips here and clamp them on the long strip, distribute them evenly and secure them with transparent tape.
5. At this time, place the two long strips parallel to each other, put the channel-shaped origami on them as the bridge deck, and fix them with transparent tape to make a simple bridge model. How to make a cable-stayed bridge model
I don’t know what level of maker you want to be. Have you seen the picture? I drew it myself, it’s a bit bad
The principle of a cable-stayed bridge is In this way, the relationship between the bridge (column) and the bridge deck is not big. In terms of engineering mechanics
The bridge deck has weight, and that force will be transmitted to the cable stays. In layman's terms, it is suspended , and then the force of the stay cables will be transmitted to the cable towers, that is, the pillars. In layman's terms, the ropes hang the bridge deck and are hung on the bridge pillars, so the contact between the bridge deck and the pillars is not important, which is why there are There are so many cable-stayed cables
When I was in elementary school, I made a bridge model, which happened to be a cable-stayed bridge
Since it is a model, there is no need to emphasize mechanics
You can glue the bridge deck directly to the pillars, and then use the stay cables for decoration
Since 1 is an environmentally friendly material, it would be OK to use milk cartons as the pillars and straws as the stay cables.
Give you a reference__