Based on the analysis of the social, economic and environmental impacts of the new campus construction project in colleges and universities, the post-impact evaluation index system of the new campus construction project in colleges and universities and its application are constructed from four aspects: social micro-impact, social macro-impact, economic impact and environmental impact. Taking the construction of Minhang new campus of Shanghai Jiaotong University as an example, the post-impact evaluation index system is analyzed by Delphi method, expert survey scoring method and analytic hierarchy process. Finally, according to the results of case analysis, some suggestions are put forward for the construction of new campus in colleges and universities in the future. In recent years, post-project evaluation has been paid more and more attention. Post-impact evaluation is an indispensable link in post-evaluation of construction projects. After a construction project is completed, it must be combined with the social, economic and environmental conditions at that time, which will have various impacts on the social and natural environment [1]. Generally speaking, the post-impact assessment of the new campus construction project in colleges and universities includes three main contents, namely: (1) economic impact assessment, which mainly analyzes and evaluates the economic impact of the project on regions, industries and countries, including distribution, employment, domestic resource cost (or foreign exchange cost) and technological progress; (2) Environmental impact assessment generally includes pollution control of the project, regional environmental quality, utilization and protection of natural resources, regional ecological balance and environmental management. (3) Social impact assessment is an analysis of the tangible and intangible benefits and results of the project in social economy and development, focusing on the impact of the project on local regions and communities, generally including poverty, equality, participation, women and sustainability [3]. As a large-scale social undertaking project, the main goal of the new campus construction project in colleges and universities is not to maximize the future net income, but to meet the needs of higher education development, improve school conditions, optimize resource allocation and other social benefits [4], so the focus of post-impact assessment is social impact assessment, not economic impact assessment. At the same time, the investment in the new campus construction project is huge, and its impact is not only reflected in the beneficiaries or victims, but also has a certain impact on the region and even the whole country. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the post-impact evaluation of university construction projects from both macro and micro levels. In addition, the construction project of the new campus consists of many buildings with different functions, such as library, teaching building, laboratory, dormitory and administrative office building. While considering the benefits of single building construction, it is necessary to further consider the coordination effect between different functional buildings to achieve efficient allocation of resources. Therefore, the post-evaluation should adopt the method of combining overall evaluation with typical evaluation. Therefore, the post-impact evaluation content of the new campus construction project can be divided into three aspects and two levels to analyze, namely, the impact evaluation of the project on society, environment and economy, as well as macro-and micro-level analysis. Generally speaking, the analysis of the country and region (province or city) where the project is located can be regarded as the macro impact analysis of the project, and the impact analysis on the community can be regarded as the micro impact analysis of the project. Considering that the social impact assessment is the focus of the post-impact assessment of the new campus construction project, the macro-level and micro-level of the social impact assessment are separated and evaluated as the standard level of the evaluation system, in which the micro-level impact of the project on society refers to the satisfaction of teachers and students as the main users of the new campus project. 2. Construct the post-impact evaluation index system of the new campus construction project. The criterion layer of post-impact evaluation index system of new campus construction project mainly includes four aspects, namely, the social micro-impact (teacher-student satisfaction), social macro-impact, economic impact and environmental impact of the project. 2. 1 Teacher-student satisfaction can fully feedback the impact of the new campus project on individuals (that is, beneficiaries), so we can evaluate the social micro-impact of the project by investigating teacher-student satisfaction. The satisfaction of teachers and students is mainly described by seven indicators: (1) Campus environment construction, which mainly includes campus greening, the comfort of campus landscape, and whether the overall style of campus architecture is harmonious and beautiful. (2) Campus traffic construction mainly includes whether the orientation layout of individual buildings on campus is reasonable, whether the campus road planning is reasonable, the quality of campus road construction, and whether the road ancillary facilities (such as street lamps and isolated green belts) are satisfactory; (3) the construction of teaching buildings and libraries; (4) Construction of experimental building; (5) Construction of administrative office building; (6) dormitory building; (7) Construction of other auxiliary living facilities. Among these seven indicators, the first two items of campus environment construction and campus traffic construction belong to the overall evaluation of the new campus construction project, and the last five items belong to the evaluation of the single project. The single evaluation mainly judges the construction quality and the realization degree of the related single building. These indicators need to be objectively evaluated through surveys and interviews between teachers and students at school. 2.2 Macro-impact of the new campus of colleges and universities on society Article 31 of Chapter 4 of the Higher Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that colleges and universities should focus on training talents, carry out teaching, scientific research and social services, and ensure that the quality of education and teaching reaches the standards set by the state. Talent cultivation, knowledge innovation and social service are the three basic functions of modern universities. However, the new campus construction project serves the university to better realize its three basic functions. Therefore, the social macro-impact of the new campus construction project can be evaluated from the following three aspects: (1) The contribution to talent training in colleges and universities mainly includes the increase in the number of undergraduate, master and doctoral students trained before and after the completion of the new campus construction project; Before and after the implementation of the project, the number of classrooms, laboratories, libraries and gymnasiums increased, with complete functions; The average area of teaching administration room, laboratory, library and gymnasium has increased; 100 students are equipped with teaching computers, 100 students are equipped with multimedia classrooms and voice classrooms, average teaching and research equipment, average books per student and average annual book intake increase [5]. (2) The contribution to knowledge innovation in colleges and universities mainly includes the increase in the number of scientific papers collected by EI, SCI and ISTP before and after the completion of the project; The increase in the number of laboratories and research centers at all levels before and after the project; The increase of the number of scientific research talents before and after the project; Increase before and after the national, provincial and ministerial level and authorized patent award projects [6]. (3) Contribution to social services in colleges and universities. The social service function of colleges and universities refers to the academic services provided by colleges and universities to the society with the aim of directly meeting the actual needs of society and relying on the functions of cultivating professionals and developing knowledge [7]. Therefore, the index mainly includes the increase of teaching services, scientific and technological services, consulting services and facilities services provided by the school to the society before and after the completion of the project. The above three indicators all belong to the overall level of evaluation, and can generally be comprehensively judged by comparative method. 2.3 the impact of the new campus on the economy The construction of the new campus will not only have an important impact on the social environment, but also have a certain impact on the region and even the whole social economy. There are many indicators to describe the economic impact, and the growth of regional economy, the increase of employment opportunities and the growth of industrialization benefits of scientific research results brought by the construction of new campus are the most prominent, so this paper uses these three indicators to evaluate the economic impact of the construction project of new campus in colleges and universities [8]. (1) With the growth of regional economy, on the one hand, the construction project of the new campus of the university is large in scale and has a long construction period, during which a large amount of funds will be invested, which is conducive to the prosperity of the local construction market; On the other hand, the use of the new campus will drive the surrounding real estate market, and the nearby businesses, restaurants and entertainment industries will also flourish. All these will stimulate the growth of regional economy, which can be measured by comparing the growth of regional economic output value and fiscal revenue before and after the completion of the project. (2) The increase of employment opportunities, in order to meet the needs of teachers and students living in the new campus, the school logistics department and related service industries will recruit a large number of logistics service personnel, and the development of business and catering around the school will also create a large number of indirect employment opportunities. This indicator can be measured by new direct and indirect work. (3) The growth of industrialization benefits of scientific and technological achievements, the construction of new campus has effectively improved the scientific research conditions of colleges and universities, accelerated the speed and proportion of scientific and technological transformation, and thus promoted the growth of industrialization benefits of scientific and technological achievements. This index can be measured by the increase of economic income brought by the application of new technology before and after the new campus project. Among the above three indicators, the growth of regional economy and the increase of employment opportunities reflect the influence of the new campus project on the regional economy, while the growth of industrialization benefits of scientific and technological achievements reflects the contribution of the new campus project to the whole social economy to a certain extent. 2.4 The impact of the new campus on the environment. In the process of construction and operation, the construction project of new campus in colleges and universities will inevitably consume a lot of natural resources and affect the surrounding ecological environment to some extent. This paper mainly measures the impact of the project on the environment through three indicators: resource conservation, environmental protection and beautification of natural landscape [9].
(1) Saving resources, mainly considering the intensive utilization of land resources in the new campus project, the saving utilization of raw materials and water resources in the construction process, whether energy-saving measures have been taken and whether energy-saving building materials have been adopted. (2) Environmental protection, mainly considering whether waste water and garbage are treated harmlessly in time and whether noise pollution is strictly controlled during the construction of the new campus; Whether there is a centralized treatment system for domestic garbage such as garbage and sewage after the new campus is put into use; Whether to take measures to reduce air pollution caused by air conditioning system and waste gas from canteen kitchen. (3) Beautify the natural landscape, mainly to examine whether the new campus is in harmony with the surrounding landscape, whether it beautifies the overall environment and increases the artistic atmosphere of the environment. Based on the above analysis, this paper constructs the above indicators as a hierarchical structure diagram (see figure 1). 3. Constructing Judgment Matrix and Calculating Weight [10,1(] Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a theoretical method put forward by American logistics scientist Y. L. Saaty in 1970s, which systematizes, models and quantifies the thinking process and subjective judgment of decision makers. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to determine the weight of post-impact evaluation indexes of new campus construction projects in colleges and universities, and Delphi method is used to construct a judgment matrix [12] by using ratio scale technology to judge the relative importance of each index. The meaning of the importance of one indicator relative to another is shown in table 1, and the judgment matrix of the relative importance of indicators is shown in table 2. The eigenvalues of each judgment matrix obtained from Table 2 are: λA=4.288, λB 1=7. 128, λB2=3.066, λB3=3.066, λB4=3.000. For matrix a, ci = (λ a-n) (/n-1) = (4.267-4) (/4-1) = 0.089, and when n=4 is known, R.I.=0.90, and then the formula Cr = ci/. We also get: Cr (b1) = 0.016 < 0.1,Cr (B2) = 0.063 < 0. 1, and Cr (B3) = 0.063 < 0./kloc. From Table 3 and formula W(k)=(w 1(k), w2(k), ..., wn(k))T=p(k)w(k- 1), the final weight of each index layer can be calculated. The calculation results are shown in Table 4. 4 Case Analysis The second-phase construction project of Minhang Campus of Shanghai Jiaotong University, based on the first-phase construction project, lasted nearly ten years. On the basis of the original 2,200 mu campus, 2,800 mu of land was newly requisitioned, and more than 760,000 square meters of single buildings were built with more than 5,000 mu of land, and 600 million yuan of supporting projects were completed. This project is one of the largest university construction projects in China. This paper chooses this project as an analysis case of post-impact assessment of the new campus construction project in colleges and universities. 4. 1 Project Comprehensive Evaluation (1) Determine the weight values of each index in the index system. This paper adopts the index weight values shown in Table 4. (2) Determine the comprehensive evaluation score of the project. Firstly, the opinion set is determined, and the evaluation degree of project-related indicators is taken as the element of opinion set V. * * is divided into four grades, which can be expressed as: V = {v 1, v2, v3, V} 4, where v 1, v2, v3 and v4 respectively represent the evaluation conditions of project-related indicators: excellent, good, medium and poor. In this case, public participation and expert survey scoring methods are adopted. A total of 30 questionnaires were distributed and 27 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average evaluation score of each index is obtained through a statistically valid questionnaire, and Rij refers to the evaluation score of the first Ci index ∑vj/27. The results are shown in Table 5. According to the final weight values of each index determined in Table 4, the post-impact evaluation score of this project is: B=∑(wiRi)j=4.242, of which the full score of evaluation value is 5. 4.2 Evaluation conclusion According to the final score, the evaluation result after the impact of this case project is good, indicating that this case project has brought good impact on society, economy and environment, and it is a relatively successful construction project. This conclusion is consistent with the actual effect of this case project. In the questionnaire survey, it was also found that the two parts of the index layer, namely, the construction of campus traffic and the contribution to resource conservation, scored low, because the teachers and students of the school were dissatisfied with the overall layout planning of the campus and the road construction of the school. At the same time, the intensive use of land in the second phase of Minhang construction project is low, and there are some phenomena of wasting land. These problems can be improved by the follow-up construction of this case project, and at the same time, it has reference significance for similar projects in the future. Conclusion With the development of higher education in China, the construction of new campus will continue for a long time, and because of the special profit model and huge scale of the new campus construction project, it will not only have a huge impact on the surrounding areas, but also on the whole society, economy and environment. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to analyze the weight of post-impact evaluation index system of new campus construction projects in colleges and universities, which can not only be used to evaluate the evaluation scores of projects, but also provide quantitative basis for the comparison between projects. This is a feasible method. However, the post-impact evaluation index system of the new campus construction project in this paper is still a little rough, and the evaluation methods of each index are not perfect, which needs further study.
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