What is pump cavitation and its causes?

Cavitation of sewage lift pump refers to the process that bubbles in the low pressure area of pump flow system collapse rapidly when water flows to the high pressure area, resulting in deterioration of hydraulic performance and damage of overflow components.

Cavitation leads to the deterioration of pump performance, unstable operation of equipment, fatigue corrosion of metal surface materials, increased noise and vibration and other adverse consequences.

When the effective cavitation allowance of the water pump device is less than the necessary cavitation allowance of the water pump, and the local pressure in the pump is reduced to the saturated vaporization pressure at the liquid temperature, impurities in the liquid, tiny solid particles or gas nuclei existing in the gap of the liquid interface (liquid-solid interface) quickly grow into cavitation bubbles, which reach the high pressure area with the water flow and collapse rapidly due to the compression of the surrounding liquid. In the cavity collapse area, the metal surface is subjected to water hammer force, the frequency of which can reach tens of thousands of times per second, acting on a small area, so its stress can reach thousands of atmospheres. The frequent application of this large stress causes the plastic deformation and hardening of the metal surface layer, leading to local fatigue and microcracks, which promotes the development of cavitation. Metal parts are broken and peeled off. Cavitation may occur on the back and front of impeller blades, or between the outer edge of impeller and the wall of impeller chamber. Usually, pump cavitation reduces the flow, lift, power and efficiency of the pump, causes vibration and noise of the unit, shortens the service life of the equipment and affects the engineering safety. The situation is even more serious for pumps that take water from water with high sediment concentration.

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